as的用法总结及典型句子 高中_as的用法总结及典型句子

1.as well与too的区别

2.如何区别As is known to all与It is known to all

3.万能作文英语句子

4.Teacher as he is, he likes chinese very much .中的teacher是句子中的什么成分被提前了？

5.分析句子结构 On my way home,as i he many times since,

6.who引导的定语从句举例

They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future.

这句话里面括号里的as naive or ill conceived as it may seem 怎么翻译的，两个as是“和……一样”的意思吗，怎么翻译不通顺呢

来自：百度文库

s://wenku.baidu/view/35c68b586f1aff00bfd51e52.html

典型例句5：They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future.

例句解析：本句中，句子主干是主谓宾。主语They，谓宾部分should exhibit sth for sth，“对...表示....”，宾语strong interest and respect, 介词for之后是“whatever currently interests their fledging adult”一个宾语从句，其中括号里的内容作同位语对其解释说明;while引导时间状语，意思是“同时”，“in exploring options for the future”是介词短语作状语。

难点点拨：fledging adult：羽翼未丰的成年人;ill conceived：考虑不周，草率 例句释义：不管目前这些羽翼未丰的成年人对什么感兴趣(或许看似幼稚或考虑不周)，父母都应该对其表示关注和尊重，同时在共同探索未来的选择方面，父母要成为孩子的伙伴。

总结：作为阅读理解部分的新题型，本篇文章的考查形式是依据段落选标题，这在近十年的真题中只考了这一次，因此难度较于其它形式的考查要相对简单一些。同学们只要能够认真理解每一段中的句子，把每一段的大体内容搞清楚了，而标题是概括段落大意的，就比较容易做出选择。

as well与too的区别

定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

（序）

1 定语可以由形容词，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．

定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．

2 定语从句用来修饰名词，代词或整个主句．

3 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。

4 定语从句存在的条件:先行词+关系词（有的版本作关联词）+从句

（一） 限定性定语从句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will he stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

（二）非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming he changed.

人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.

我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left.

刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.

（三）关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.

如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

（四）注意

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时

从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.

(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we he often talked about.

(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we he often talked.

注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2) In the basket there are quite many les, some of which he gone bad.

(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

（五）关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhy today.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

(3) Great changes he taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

（六）判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：

例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

（七）介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

（八）先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they he to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)

（九as） which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

答案B。

which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that B. which C. as D. it

答案B.

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法例

1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

I he got into the same trouble as he (has).

例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；

例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

（十）关系代词that 的用法

(1)不用that的情况

(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.

(b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。

(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．

(g) 为了避免重复．

(h)先行词是the way时

举例：

Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Who that break the window should be punished．

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

（十一）难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1) He you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I he seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we he learned?

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1) He married her, as/which was natural.

(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.

(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as

(1) I he never heard such a story as he tells.

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1) There are very few but understand his idea.

( but= who don’t )

(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；

同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句

(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；

同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；

句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分

(1) The news he told me is true.

(2) The news that he has just died is true.

(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语

(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语

(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

如何区别As is known to all与It is known to all

我是一名英语教师，我们常常会使用as well和too来表示"也"，这两者之间是存在区别的，具体如下：

一：含义解释

as well 英 [?z wel] ? 美 [?z wel] ? 也;还

too 英 [tu?] ? 美 [tu?] ?adv.(用于形容词和副词前)太，过于，过度;也

相同点：as well和too都可以用于肯定句，意思是“也”，前者怎么样，后者怎么样。

不同点：as well多用于口语，通常位于句末。too的位置更灵活，可以放在句子中，也可以放在句子的末尾。

二：用法区分

too: 一般置于句尾,或作为插入语放在句中,只能用于肯定句,口语中与also通用.例如: He thinks the other way is better. I do, too(他认为那个方法好一些,我也这样想)。

as well和too 都可以指主语,也可以指其它部分,视 情况而定.too可以放在紧接主语的地方,但是as well不可以这样用。

三：典型例句

1、as well

——Are?they?coming?as?well

他们也来吗？

——They?sell?books?as?well?as?newspapers.?

他们既卖报也卖书。

——The?mind?needs?exercise?as?well?as?the?body.?

大脑同身体一样需要锻炼。

2、too

——This?is?too?big?─?he?you?got?a?small?one

这个太大——有没有小的？

——There?are?too?many?errors?in?your?work.?

你的工作失误太多。

——Children?can?be?difficult?as?we?know?only?too?well.?

小孩子往往很难对付，对此我们都非常清楚。

万能作文英语句子

它和 as is known to all 是相同的意思,都是“众所周知”,而用法上面略有些不同,as is known to all 只可以用在句首或句尾,用“,”隔开.而as it is known to all不仅可以放在句首,还可以后面加“that”从句.而it is known to all 是形式主语的典型,只用于如it is known to all that our teacher is beauful.

Teacher as he is, he likes chinese very much .中的teacher是句子中的什么成分被提前了？

万能作文模板英语句子

　在英语考试中作文这块占了较大的分数比例，细心观察你就会发现，其实写英语作文，是有很多万能句子和万能句型和模板的。下面我整合网络为大家提供英语作文万能句子英语作文万能模板。

　 英语作文万能句子（整篇文章）

　 一、开头句型

　1.Asfaras…isconcerned就……而言

　2.Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…不言而喻，…

　3.Itcanbesaidwithcertaintythat…可以肯定地说……

　4.Astheproverbsays，正如谚语所说的，

　5.Ithastobenoticedthat…它必须注意到，…

　6.It'sgenerallyrecognizedthat…它普遍认为…

　7.It'slikelythat…这可能是因为…

　8.It'shardlythat…这是很难的……

　9.It'shardlytoomuchtosaythat…它几乎没有太多的说…

　10.Whatcallsforspecialattentionisthat…需要特别注意的是

　11.There'snodenyingthefactthat…毫无疑问，无可否认

　12.Nothingismoreimportantthanthefactthat…没有什么比这更重要的是…

　13.what'sfarmoreimportantisthat…更重要的是…

　 二、衔接句型

　1.Acaseinpointis…一个典型的例子是…

　2.Asisoftenthecase…由于通常情况下…

　3.Asstatedinthepreviousparagraph如前段所述

　4.Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

　5.Butit'sapitythat…但遗憾的是…

　6.Forallthat…对于这一切……Inspiteofthefactthat…尽管事实……

　7.Further,weholdopinionthat…此外，我们坚持认为，…

　8.However,thedifficultyliesin…然而，困难在于…

　9.Similarly,weshouldpayattentionto…同样，我们要注意…

　10.not(that)…but(that)…不是，而是

　11.Inviewofthepresentstation.鉴于目前形势

　12.Ashasbeenmentionedabove…正如上面所提到的…

　13.Inthisrespect,wemayaswell(say)从这个角度上我们可以说

　14.However,wehetolookattheothersideofthecoin,thatis…

　然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即…

　 三、结尾句型

　1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

　AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththelatteropiniontosomeextent.Ithinkthat____。

　2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……Inaword,thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseattentiontotheproblemof______.Onlyinthiswaycan______inthefuture。

　3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……But______and______hetheirownadvantages.Forexample,_____,while_____.Comparingthiswiththat,however,Ipreferto______。

　4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……Personally,Ibelievethat_____.Consequently,I'mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause______。

　5.随着社会的发展，……因此，迫切需要……如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。Withthedevelopmentofsociety,______.Soit“surgentandnecessaryto____.Ifeverymemberiswillingtocontributehimselftothesociety,itwillbebetterandbetter。

　6.至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……Formypart,Ithinkitreasonableto_____.Onlyinthiswaycanyou_____。

　7.对我来说，我认为有必要……原因如下：第一，……;第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……Inmyopinion,Ithinkitnecessaryto____.Thereasonsareasfollows.First_____.Second______.Lastbutnotleast,______。

　8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……Itisdifficulttosaywhether_____isgoodornotingeneralasitdependsverymuchonthesituationof______.However,fromapersonalpointofviewfind______。

　9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat____。

　10.如果我们不取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……Ifwecannottakeusefulmeans,wemaynotcontrolthistrend,andsomeundesirableresultmaycomeoutunexpectedly,sowhatweshoulddois_____。

　 四。段首万能句子

　1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

　Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto____.Somepeoplesuggestthat____.

　2.俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

　Thereisanoldsaying______.It“stheexperienceofourforefathers，however，itiscorrectinmanycaseseventoday.

　3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……更为糟糕的是……

　Today,____,whichhebroughtalotofharmsinourdailylife.First,____Second,____.Whatmakesthingsworseisthat______.

　4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……

　Nowadays，itiscommonto______.Manypeoplelike______because______.Besides，______.

　5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。(..cn)它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

　Everythinghastwosidesand______isnotanexception，ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

　6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

　People'sopinionsabout______varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplesaythat______.Tothem,_____.

　7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

　Manisnowfacingabigproblem______whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.

　8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

　______hasbecomeahottopicamongpeople，especiallyamongtheyoungandheateddebatesarerightontheirway.

　9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

　______hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-daylife.ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.

　10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……很显然……，但是为什么呢?

　Accordingtothefigure/number/statistics/percentagesinthe/chart/bargraph/line/graph，itcanbeseenthat______while.Obviously，______，butwhy?

　 五、中间段落万能句子

　1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……

　Onthecontrary，therearesomepeopleinforof___.Atthesametime，theysay____.

　2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……最糟糕的是……

　ButIdon”tthinkitiserygoodwaytosolve____.Forexample，____.Worstofall，___.

　3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……而且……，最重要的是……

　______isnecessaryandimportanttoourcountry“sdevelopmentandconstruction.First，______.What”smore,_____.Mostimportantofall,______.

　4.有几个可供我们纳的方法。首先，我们可以……

　Thereareseveralmeasuresforustoadopt.First,wecan______

　5.面临……，我们应该取一系列行之有效的.方法来……一方面……，另一方面，

　Confrontedwith______，weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasuresto______.Foronething，______Foranother，______

　6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……所有这些方法肯定会……

　Itishightimethatsomethingwasdoneaboutit.Forexample._____.Inaddition._____.Allthesemeasureswillcertainly______.

　7.为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

　Why______?Thefirstreasonisthat______.Thesecondreasonis______.Thethirdis______.Forallthis,themaincauseof______dueto______.

　8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……

　However,justlikeeverythinghasbothitsgoodandbadsides,______alsohasitsowndisadvantages,suchas______.

　9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

　Nonetheless,Ibelievethat______ismoreadvantageous.

　10.完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：

　Ifullyagreewiththestatementthat______because______.

　 英语作文万能句子（句型结构）

　 一、举例句型

　1.Let'stake...toillustratethis.

　2.let'staketheabovechartasanexampletoillustratethis.

　3.Hereisonemoreexample.4.Take…forexample.

　5.Thesameistrueof….

　6.Thisoffersatypicalinstanceof….

　7.Wemayquoteacommonexampleof….

　8.Justthinkof….

　 二、引用名言的句型

　1.Somepeoplethinkthat….有些人认

　为…Tobefrank,Icannotagreewiththeiropinionforthereasonsbelow.坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

　2.Foryears,…hasbeenseenas…,butthingsarequitedifferentnow.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。

　3.Ibelievethetitlestatementisvalidbecause….我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…

　4.Icannotentirelyagreewiththeideathat….我无法完全同意这一观点的…Ibelieve….

　5.Myargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.我对这个问题的看法如下。

　6.Alongwiththedevelopmentof…,moreandmore….随着……的发展，越来越多…

　7.Thereisalong-runningdebateastowhether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…

　8.Itiscommonly/generally/widely/believed/held/accepted/recognizedthat….它通常是认为…

　9.AsfarasIamconcerned,Icompletelyagreewiththeformer/thelatter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。

　10.Beforegivingmyopinion,Ithinkitisessentialtolookattheargumentofbothsides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。

　 三、表示比较的句型

　1.Aiscompletely/totally/entirelydifferentfromB.

　2.AandBaredifferentinsome/everyway/respect/aspect.

　3.AandBdifferin….

　4.AdiffersfromBin….

　5.ThedifferencebetweenAandBis/liesin/existsin….

　6.Comparedwith/Incontrastto/UnlikeA,B….

　7.A…,ontheotherhand,/incontrast,/while/whereasB….

　8.WhileitisgenerallybelievedthatA…,IbelieveB….

　9.Despitetheirsimilarities,AandBarealsodifferent.

　10.BothAandB….However,A…;ontheotherhand,B….

　 四、总结归纳的句型

　1.Thereareseveralreasonsfor…,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

　2.Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfor…,butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。

　3.Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。

　4.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

　 五、表因果的句型

　1.Let'stake...toillustratethis.

　2.let'staketheabovechartasanexampletoillustratethis.

　3.Hereisonemoreexample.4.Take…forexample.

　5.Thesameistrueof….

　6.Thisoffersatypicalinstanceof….

　7.Wemayquoteacommonexampleof….

　8.Justthinkof….

　 英语作文万能套用模板

　1.asanoldsayinggoes,....正如一句古老的谚语所说

　2....benothingbut.......不过就是...

　3.fromwhereistand....从我的立场来说

　4.giveoneselfachanceto.....给某人一个机会去...

　5.ifeelsurethat...我坚信...

　6....isthebestwaytomakesurethat....确保...的最好办法是...

　7.wemustdoourabsolutebestto....我们必须竭尽全力做...

　8.thereisnodenyingthefectthat...无可否认....

　9.nothingismore+adj.+thanto+v.没有比...更重要的了

　10.主语+cannotemphasizetheimportanceof....toomuch再怎么强调..的重要性也不为过

　11....poseagreatthreatto......对..造成了一大威胁(eg.Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistance.)

　12.stolethespotlightfrom...从...获得大众的瞩目

　13....touchsb.ontheraw....触到某人的痛处

　14.itisnotuncommonthat...这是常有的事儿。。

　15itisalmostimpossibletodo..。。。是很困难的

　16therecentresearchhasshownthat..最近研究表明。。

　17...has/henoalternativebutto...除...外别无选择

　18....betweenthedevilandthedeepbluesea进退维谷，左右为难

　19.contentinthethoughtthat...满足于...的想法

　20…有其自身的优缺点…hasitsmeritsanddemerits/advantagesanddisadvantages

;

分析句子结构 On my way home,as i he many times since,

teacher应该是做表语的，be动词后面跟的都是表语，所以是表语成分被提前了。

本来应该是As he is a teacher,he likes chinese very much.（倒装后省略a）

这里将宾语成分提前是有一个强调的作用（也有着解释原因的作用）。

who引导的定语从句举例

1.现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成： he (has) +过去分词。

2.比较过去时与现在完成时

1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

不确定的时间状语

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, lee, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

举例：

I saw this film yesterday.

（强调看的动作发生过了。）

I he seen this film.

（强调对现在的影响，**的内容已经知道了。）

Why did you get up so early?

（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?

（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）

She has returned from Paris.

她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.

她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.

(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.

(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.

( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)

I he finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

---He's already been sent for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

3. 比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

I he lived here for more than twenty years.

I he lived here since I was born..

My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

Some new oilfields he been opened up since 16.

I he known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

I he not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.

(我现在已不在这里工作。)

I he worked here for many years.

(现在我仍在这里工作。)

小窍门： 当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

1) (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

2) (错) Harry has got married for six years.

= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

4. since的四种用法

1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。

I he been here since 1989.

2) since +一段时间+ ago

I he been here since five months ago.

3) since +从句

Great changes he taken place since you left.

Considerable time has elapsed since we he been here.

4) It is +一段时间+ since从句

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student

5.延续动词与瞬间动词

1) 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)

I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2) 用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.

他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o'clock.

他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. he met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。

2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. he been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时

关于since;

since的用法主要有两点：一是表示“自从……以来”，二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解词的含义，而不了解其用法，在使用时就会造成错误。例如：I he not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.

不少人会望文生义，将该句译为：“自从我住在上海以来，就再也没有收到他的信了。”而实际上这个句子的译文并非如此，那么正确的含义是什么呢？

下面谈谈since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。

一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：

He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。

We he been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。

这是最常见的一种用法，此处不再多述。

二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如：

I hen’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。

John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。

本文开始出现的那个句子就可以译为“自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。”这种译法常被人们误用，我们不妨再多举几个例子看看：

How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开（没住在）上海多久了？

It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团（不当团员）半个月了。

It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。

比较：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）

He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）

三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：

I hen’t heard from him since he has lived there。

这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。

Since we he owned a car, we he gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。

试比较：1. Since I’ve been at this school, we he had three headmasters.自从我到这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。

Since I was at this school, they he had three headmasters.自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。

2.He has never been to see me since I he been ill. 自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。

He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。

由此可见，since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。

至于It is +一段时间+since…的句型与It has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。

应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：

It is a long time since he didn’t study English.

It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.

正确的说法为：

It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。

You hen’t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了。

解析：6B 词义辨析语句连贯尽（as long as）作者所能记忆的。Remember是持续性动词，与表示持续意义的as long as（象……一样长；只要……）连用，引导条件状语从句。as soon as，when，since三项均表示短暂意义，通常与短暂性动词连用。

　定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种.

　（一） 限定性定语从句

　1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置

　2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

　3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略

　4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

　5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句

　6. when引导定语从句表示时间

　〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导

　By the time you arrive in London, we will he stayed there for two weeks.

　I still remember the first time I met her.

　Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

　7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

　8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导

　（二）非限定性定语从句：

　非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

　1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

　2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

　Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming he changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处.

　I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反.

　We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了.

　3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

　4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物.

　一.定语从句及相关术语

　1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面.

　2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

　关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等.

　关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句.2,代替先行词.3,在定语从句中担当一个成分.

　二.关系代词引导的定语从句

　1.who指人,在从句中做主语

　(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

　(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

　2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略.

　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

　(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略.

　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

　3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

　如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如:

　He is the man whom/who I talk to.

　如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如:

　He is the man who has an English book.

　4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom；指物时,相当于which.在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略.

　(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

　5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

　(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

　whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

　(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

　(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

　(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

　(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

　三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

　关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

　(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

　(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.

　(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

　(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

　(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we he often talked about.

　(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we he often talked.

　注意：

　1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等

　(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

　(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

　2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

　(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

　(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

　(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

　(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

　3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

　(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

　(2) In the basket there are quite many les, some of which he gone bad.

　(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

　四．关系副词引导的定语从句

　1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

　(2) The time when we got together finally came.

　2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

　(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

　3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

　(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhy today.

　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

　(3) Great changes he taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

　五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

　限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

　形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开

　意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整

　译法上 翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句

　关系词的使用上 A．做宾语时可省略 B.可用that

　C．可用who代替whom A．不可省 B.不用that

　C.不用who代替whom

　限制性定语从句举例：

　(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.

　(2) China is a country which has a long history.

　非限制性定语从句举例：

　(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

　(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

　要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

　(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

　他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学.（他还有其他的哥哥）

　(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

　他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学.（他只有一个哥哥）

　六、判断关系代词与关系副词

　方法一： 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如：

　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

　I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

　判断改错（注：先显示题,再显示答案,横线；用不同的颜色表示出.）

　（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

　（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

　（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

　（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.

　方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.

　例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

　A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

　例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

　A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

　答案：例1 D,例2 A

　例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

　例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

　在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.

　而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.

　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) .

　介词+关系词

　1）介词后面的关系词不能省略.

　2）that前不能有介词.

　3） 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换.

　This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

　This is the house where I lived two years ago.

　Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

　Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

　先行词和关系词二合一

　1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

　(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

　2)The parents will use what they he to send their son to technical school.

　(what 可以用all that代替)

　as, which 非限定性定语从句

　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中.

　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

　典型例题

　1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

　A. it B. that C. which D. he

　答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选he句意不通.

　2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

　A. what B. which C. that D. it

　答案B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可.That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通.

　3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

　A. that B. which C. as D. it

　答案B.

　as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语.但不同之处主要有两点：

　(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可.

　(2） as 代表前面的.整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which..

　在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B.

　As 的用法

　例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样…….

　I he got into the same trouble as he (has).

　例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'.

　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

　As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

　As是关系代词.例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式.

　关系代词that 的用法

　1）不用that的情况

　a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时.

　(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

　b) 介词后不能用.

　We depend on the land from which we get our food.

　We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

　2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

　a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which.

　b) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.

　c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that.

　d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that..

　e) 先行词既有人,又有物时.

　举例：

　All that is needed is a supply of oil.

　所需的只是供油问题.

　Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

　那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.

　难点分析

　（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

　1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

　(1) He you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

　(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

　(3) All that can be done has been done.

　(4) There is little that I can do for you.

　注意：当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

　(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

　2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

　(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

　3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

　(1) This is the best film that I he seen.

　4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

　(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,

　(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

　当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

　(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

　5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

　(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

　(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

　6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时

　(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we he learned?

　（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

　as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处.具体情况是：

　1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子.

　(1) He married her, as/which was natural.

　(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

　2. as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后.另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思

　(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.

　(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

　(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

　(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.

　注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which

　(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

　3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as

　(1) I he never heard such a story as he tells.

　(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

　(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

　注意：当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

　(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子.

　(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子.

　（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略.

　(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

　(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

　(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )

　(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

　1．定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系

　(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句

　(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句

　2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分

　(1) The news he told me is true.

　(2) The news that he has just died is true.

　(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语

　(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

　3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以

　(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语

　(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

　(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

　(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

　拓展内容

　as引导的定语从句

　在一些习惯用法上，as能兼作关系代词、关系副词，经常引导定语从句。

　惯用型1：

　such… as…像……一样的

　the same…as…与……同样的

　I seldom meetsucha beggarasI met today.

　我很少碰到今天这样的乞丐。

　（as是代词，在定语从句中作宾语）

　Please choosesuchlesascan be put in my bracket.

　请选择我能放入篮子里这样的苹果。

　（as在定语从句中作主语）

　I am notthe samekind of personasyou are.

　我可不是和你一类的人。

　（as在从句中作表语）

　You may takethe samebusaswe take.

　你可乘坐我们坐的同一辆大巴。

　（as在从句中作宾语）

　惯用型2：

　such as…

　在这种场合，such是代词，表示“这种人、这种物”，as是关系代词。

　He is notsuchasyou can imagine.

　他不是你能想象得到的那种人。

　We he got a lot of drinkssuchasyou can find in supermarkets.

　我们习了大量在超市能找到的那种饮料。

　惯用型3：

　as…

　…, as…

　as引导的定语从句，有时像非限制性定语从句一样修饰整个主句或者主句的一部分，但它的位置比较灵活，可以放在被修饰的主句后面，也可以放在主句前面。

　例如：

　Asyou can see, we are all students.

　你能看得出，我们都是学生。

　=We are allstudents,asyou can see.

　=We are all students,whichyou can see.

　（这是详细的解读，大家请熟悉啊）

　Asyou know, we need to hurry up.

　大家知道，我们需要加快速度。

　He is not very honest,asyou he proved.

　她不是很诚实，这一点你已证实了。