句子结构英语七大结构时间是什么_英语结构句式

1.你能不能帮我细讲一下高中英语的所有句子成分以及语法结构？ 谢谢！

2.求英语里所有的介词和连词，还有所有的结构

3.英语的句子的结构。

4.怎样分析英语句子结构？

5.英语句子结构分析.

巧用英语时态表，掌握英语谓语形式

一、英语时态名称的记忆

时态

过去

现在

将来

过去将来

一般

一般过去时

一般现在时

一般将来时

一般过去将来时

进行

过去进行时

现在进行时

将来进行时

（略）

完成

过去完成时

现在完成时

将来完成时

（略）

二、英语时态形式的记忆：（以动词work为例）

时态

过去

现在

将来

过去将来

一般

worked

work works

shall/will work

should/would work

进行

was/were working

am/is/are working

shall/will

be working

(略)

完成

had worked

he/has worked

shall/will

he worked

(略)

可以分两个步骤记忆：

1、一般现在时： work（当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。）

现在进行时： be + working （be随主语人称和数的变化而变化。）

现在完成时： he + worked （he随主语人称和数的变化而变化，worked是work的过去分词。）

这三种基本时态形式位于时态表的中心位置，是必须首先记住的。其它形式可推导而出。

2、记住了上面三种时态的形式后，可以设想把时间提前至过去，这三种时态的形式就相应地左移一格成为一般过去时：worked （worked是work的过去式）；过去进行时was / were + working；过去完成时had + worked （worked是work的过去分词）。

把时间错后至将来，这三种时态的形式也就相应地右移一格成为

一般将来时： shall / will + work；

将来进行时： shall / will + be working；

将来完成时： shall / will + he worked。（shall仅用于主语是第一人称时，will可用于主语是任何人称时。）当然，根据shall / will 的用法要求，紧随其后的动词或助动词要用原形形式。

简而言之，把这三种现在时态形式左移变成三种过去时态形式，只需把第一个动词变成过去式即可（一般现在时谓语只有一个动词，也可把它看成为第一个动词）。与此类似，过去将来时的变化是在一般将来时的基础上把第一个动词变成过去式。把这三种现在时态形式右移变成三种将来时态形式，只需在前面加一助动词shall / will （紧随其后的动词或助动词用原形形式）即可。

三、英语被动语态形式的记忆（以动词ask为例）

时态

过去

现在

将来

过去将来

一般

was/were asked

am/is/are asked

shall/will be asked

should/would

be asked

进行

was/were

being asked

am/is/are

being asked

完成

had been asked

he/has

been asked

英语动词的被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be同系动词be一样有人称、数和时态的变化。英语动词在既有被动语态变化又有时态变化时，一定要先变被动语态再变时态，它的时态变化就是将助动词be再作各种时态形式的变化。主张先理解记忆现在的三种被动语态的时态形式，再以同样方法推导出被动语态其它的时态形式。

四、结合英语时态表掌握句子的否定式、一般疑问式的变化规律

句子的否定式、一般疑问式也是每册初中教材学习时态时的必讲内容。而实际上这个问题非常简单，完全可以结合英语时态表中谓语的特征来完成。

变化方面

谓语物征

否定句变化

一般疑问句变化

谓语只有一个动词

( be除外)

根据主语人称、数和谓语时态的要求，在谓语动词前加don't, doesn't, didn't 后面的动词使用原形。

根据主语人称、数和谓语时态的要求，在句首加Do, Does, Did,其后面的动词使用原形。更改句首大小写和句尾标点符号。

谓语有两个或两个以上动词

在谓语的第一个动词后面加not.

把谓语的第一个动词提前至句首，更改首大、小写和句尾标点符号。

注：1、There be ...句型和以be为系动词的主系表句型，适用于第二种谓语特征的变化方式。

2、谓语是情态动词(he to的疑问式例外） + 动词原形，也适用于第二种谓语特征的变化方式。

3、为便于记忆，不妨称此法为谓语特征分析法。

五、谓语特征分析法在特殊疑问句、反意疑问句中的运用

由于特殊疑问句的句子结构是特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句语序，故除对主语提问的特殊疑问句外，都可按一般疑问句变化规律用谓语特征分析法快速确定谓语形式。

反意疑问句是由陈述句 + 反问部分构成。反意疑问句的反问部分虽说情况比较复杂，但仅就基础内容而言，情况还是较为简单，要求也较低。故基础内容中反意疑问句的反问部分基本上仍可用谓语特征分析法快速确定反问部分中该用的动词，那就是：前面的陈述句如果变成一般疑问句是用什么动词开头，后面的反问部分就用什么动词反问。

六、一般疑问句和反意疑问句的简略回答

用谓语特征分析法掌握了一般疑问句和反意疑问句中谓语的构成方法后，它们的简略回答就更容易了。那就是用什么词开头的一般疑问句就用什么词来回答（或同属be系列的单词：am, is, are, was, were）。反意疑问句的反问部分用什么词开头，也就用什么词来回答（或同属be系列的单词）。例如：

1. -Are you a worker?

-Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.

2. -Does he like Chinese tea?

-Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

3. -He you finished the novel?

-Yes, I he. / No, I hen't.

4. -He is a bus driver, isn't he?

-Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.

5. -Tom came to school late this morning, didn't he?

-Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.

6. -Lily hasn't lost her watch, has she?

-Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.

用情态动词（can, may, must）开头的一般疑问句，在作否定回答时选择合适的情态动词较为困难。我们可以用右栏图示轻松地记忆掌握。

先按下列单词及它们的否定式的第一、第二个字母在字母表中的顺序排列，再加上谁回答谁的替换符号便容易记忆了。（注意must代替may, need代替must, 这种后代前的关系以及can除了可回答自己外，还可回过去来回答may的特点。）

1. -Can you drive a truck?

-No, I can't.

2. -May I go now?

-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't.

3. -Must you go so soon?

-No, I needn't.

4. -Need we buy any new desks?

-No, we needn't. （Yes, we must.）

注意：肯定回答必须用must。

七、谓语特征分析法在其它句型中的运用

研究下面几组对话，不难发现：答语中谓语动词的选用也是和如将其上句变成一般疑问句后句首第一个单词相一致的（或同属be, do, he系的单词）。

1. -It's warmer today.

-So it is.

2. -John bought a new bike.

-So he did.

3. -I like walking in the open air.

-So do I.

4. -He works hard.

-So he does, and so do you.

5. -Lucy has been to England twice.

-So she has.

6. -Lucy can ride a bike at the age of four.

-So she can.

十六种时态的谓语形势

一般时态

进行时态

完成时态

完成进行时态

现在

do/does

am/is/are doing

he/has done

he/has been doing

过去

did

was/were doing

had done

had been doing

将来

shall/will do

shall/will be doing

shall/will he done

shall/will he been doing

过去将来

should/would do

should/would be doing

should/would he done

should/would he been doing

八种时态介绍：

一 一般现在时态：表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作。时间状语： every …, sometimes,　 always, never, often,　usually等。

1 由be的is am are表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。

陈述句：I am an office worker.　He is so lazy.　They are at home now.

否定句： I am not Tim. She is not very beauiful. They are not in the office.

一般疑问句：Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?

特殊疑问句：What is your job? What colour is your bag?Where are you now?

2 由实意动词V构成，引导疑问句和否定句，用do或don’t。第三人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V后加s或es.

陈述句：I work in Shanghai. He works at home.Dy never watches TV at home.

否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC. Dy doesn’t like the food in KFC either.

一般疑问句: Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?

特殊疑问句：What do you want? Where does she live? How do they go to work?

3 由情态动词can, must, may构成。may没有否定形式。

陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.

否定句：I can’t swim at all. You mustn’t（表示禁止） smoke in the office.

一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?

特殊疑问句： How can I get there? What must I do now?

二 一般过去时态。在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago，the day before yesterday,in 19。

1由 be的过去式是 was或 were表示。Is\ am---was;are---were.

陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year.

否定句: I was not at home at that moment. We were not at work yesterday.

一般疑问句: Were you a teacher? Was she in the office last week?

特殊疑问句：Where were you last night? When were you in that company?

2 由V的过去式构成陈述句，疑问句和否定句用借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。

陈述句：I worked in Sunmoon.We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.

否定句: I didn’t work here. They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot.

一般疑问句: Did you go to America? Did he work in Sunmoon?

特殊疑问句：Where did you work? What did he say to you? How did you know my name?

3 由情态动词的过去式构成，can—could.

She could walk when she was one year old. I could not speak English one year ago.

三 一般将来时态：即将发生动作或状态。时间状语有：tomorrow,next year,the month after next,in two hours.

1 任何人称+will+动词原形.

I will fly to KongKong tomorrow. He will go with us. We will arrive in Shanghai next week.

I will never believe you again. He will not come tonight. We will not buy a car next year.

Will you go there by train? Will he come tomorrow? Will they live a five-star hotel?

What will you do after class? Where will he live? How will they come here?

2 is/am/are+going to+V原形，表示打算做什么事情。

I’m going to go to Kongkong by air.　We are not going to buy a house here.

Are they going to change their jobs?　How are you going to tell him?

四 过去将来时态；在过去将会发生的动作。

构成：任何人称+would +V原形

　was/were going to +V原形

He said he would come in in Shanghai.　I sai I would buy you a car one day.

They told me that they were not going to go abroad.

五 现在进行时态：表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。常用的时间的动作：now, at the（this）moment

构成：is/am/are+Ving　

I’m waiting for my boy friend. He is doing the housework at home now.

He is not playing toys. We are enjoying ourselves.

Are you hing dinner at home? Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?

What are you doing now? Where are they hing a meal?

六 过去进行时态：过去一段时间正在发生的动作。

构成：was/were+Ving

I was doing my homework at that time. He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night.

What were you doing at that moment?

We were hing a party while my neighbour is sleeping.

七 现在完成时态：用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单的说，就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。常用的时间 for　two /weeks/years；for　several　days； since 2004/ Apr.　23/last　week　/the　accident

构成：he/has +done（过去分词）

I he already told Dy. Dy has known this matter. He has lived here for nearly 10 years.

I hen’t finished my homework.Tim hasn’t come yet.We hen’t heard any news about him

How long he you worked in this company?

特别注意：

1． he/has always been+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。。。

He has always been a good father. I he always been busy.

They he always been in America.

2 he/has been to:表示去过或到过。。。

I he been to Canada. He you been to Hongkong?

Where he you been? I he never been here.

3 he/has gone to:去了。。。

He has gone to Beijing. They he gone to the cinema.

八 过去完成时态：发生在过去的过去。

构成：had + done

He said he had told Dy. They told us they had finished the work.

She had had dinner before she went out.

He left the office after he had called Dy.　　　　　　

你能不能帮我细讲一下高中英语的所有句子成分以及语法结构？ 谢谢！

#英语# 导语随着全球化与多元文化的发展，英语正跻身为一种国际语言被广泛使用。以下是由 精心收集了英语句子结构，供大家欣赏学习!

篇一英语句子结构分析研究

　一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

　The sun rises in the east. (名词)

　He likes dancing. (代词)

　Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

　Seeing is believing. (动名词)

　To see is to believe. (不定式)

　What he needs is a book. (主语从句)

　It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

　(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)

　二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

　We study English.

　He is asleep.

　三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

　He is a teacher. (名词)

　Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)

　Five and five is ten. (数词)

　He is asleep. (形容词)

　His father is in. (副词)

　The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

　My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)

　To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)

　The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)

　常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，

　taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….

　It sounds a good idea.

　The sound sounds strange.

　Her voice sounds sweet.

　Tom looks thin.

　The food smells delicious.

　The food tastes good.

　The door remains open.

　Now I feel tired.

　三、宾语：

　1)动作的承受者——动宾

　I like China. (名词)

　He hates you. (代词)

　How many do you need? We need two. (数词)

　We should help the old and the poor.

　I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

　I hope to see you again. (不定式)

　Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)

　2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾

　Are you afraid of the snake?

　Under the snow, there are many rocks.

　3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

　He ge me a book yesterday.

　Give the poor man some money.

篇二英语句子结构分析研究

　一、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

　We elected him monitor. (名词)

　We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)

　We will make them hy. (形容词)

　We found nobody in. (副词)

　Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)

　Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)

　His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)

　Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)

　I’ll he my bike repaired. (过去分词)

　二、主补：对主语的补充。

　He was elected monitor.

　She was found singing in the next room.

　He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

　三、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

　Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

　He is our friend. (代词)

　We belong to the third world. (数词)

　He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)

　The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

　The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)

　The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)

　The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)

　I he an idea to do it well. (不定式)

　You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)

　四、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

　(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow.

　The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.

　The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

　He studies hard to learn English well.

　He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.

　I like some of you very much.

　If you study hard, you will pathe exam.

　He goes to school by bike.

　Though he is young, he can do it well.

篇三英语句子结构分析研究

　1、简单句

　简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式：

　主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语;I hate grammar.

　主语 + 谓语(不及物动词); Grammar sucks.

　主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Grammar is hell.

　所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语)，有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。

　2、并列句

　并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可以单独理解，最后将各句合并即可。

　I hate grammar, / while he loves it. (以while为界，可分为前后两个小句子)

　3、 主从复合句

　主从复合句即是复杂句，它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是，各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的，所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看，而必须将各分句综合起来进行理解。有时候，分句里面有可能还包含分句。

　说到从句，我们还要介绍一下英语中的三大从句：名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。三大从句之下又包括纷繁复杂的从句形式：

　名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句， 同位语从句

　形容词性从句(定语从句)：限制性，非限制性

　副词性从句(状语从句)：时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，让步，方式，结果

　看到这里，可能有些同学又会产生抵触情绪了，其实这些细致的划分我们可以跳过，对于具体句子中的从句如何解决其实很简单，你只需知道从句做什么成分就可以了，从句做什么成分，就是个什么功能的从句。

　The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. (表语)

　What the ugly man chooses is living alone.(主语)

　We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(宾语)

　The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. (同位语)

　The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(定语)

　Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(状语)

　在阅读这样的复杂句的时候，首先要找出主句或从句从哪儿开始，到哪儿结束，首先理解主句的意思，最后再把从句的内容与主句综合起来。

　介绍完句子结构，就该说说复杂句子的解决方法了，那就是优先提取主干法。这种方法顾名思义就是先把句子的主干提取，因为主干是句子的精髓所在，然后再看其他补充或修饰的成分。

　One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the "American", "native", or, occasionally, "New York" school (---the most representative school of American art in any genre--- ) 主语从句] ( had by 1890) was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school. 表语从句

　首先找到句子主干成分："One of the results was..."很明显的主系表结构，that 引导的显然是个表语从句，表语从句中又有一个由What引导的主语从句，主干结构是"...was firmly established." 最后再加上修饰成分，句子就很容易分析了，也可以轻而易举的翻译并理解了：两个派别斗争的结果之一是：直到1890年，这个曾经被称作"美国的"、"本土的"、或者偶尔被称作是"纽约的"美国艺术题材中最有代表性的学派，以哈德逊河学派命名被稳固的建立在批评家和公众的思想之中了。

　优先提取主干是一个很有效地方法，如果我们具备了基本的句子结构知识，了解了句子的成分构成，先提取主干，抓住句子精髓，再看从句和其他部分，理清各个部分之间的关系，任何复杂的句子也就迎刃而解了。

求英语里所有的介词和连词，还有所有的结构

一、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物。通常用名词或代词担任。

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态。主要由动词担任。

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果。通常由名词或代词担任。

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物(直接宾语),一个指人(间接宾语)。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote mea letter . (他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter tome . (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

Shanghaiis a big city .(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)

/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to

learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmateTom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)

十、简单句

1、简单句的特点:简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。

2、简单句的种类:简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。

十一、句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语1、主语:

(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如:The

painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS brely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals

is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)

(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如:It is very comfortable to

he a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for

your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.)

(吃得太多对你的身体不利。)

(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/

(It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you.

((我)谢谢你。)

(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried,doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals,aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)

(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there andfetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)

(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如:Computers

are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿？)

/ Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)

(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese peopleare a hardworking and brepeople. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)

(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。

2、谓语:

(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如:

He trelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this

year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / The pizza has gone

bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /

(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:［情态动词］+［时态助动词］+［语态助动词］+［主要动词］(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)　记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如:

I am sorry I ammaking so much

noise but I he to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / Hecan’t hefinished reading the

800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的。) / Something mustbedone

to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该取措施防止

禽流感蔓延。)

(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。

记住使用下列正确形式:

①情态动词+原形动词。如:You’d better go over the lesson.（你最好复习这一课。）

②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如:They should he been there once.（他们应该去过那儿。）

③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如:What are you doingthis evening?（今晚你打算做什么？）/ Many trees he been cut down since 10s.（自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。）

④he+过去分词。如:Many trees hebeencut down since 10s.（意思同上）

⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词。如:He does not enjoy himself

very much.（他日子过的不好。）/ Did any of you see

dinosaur eggs?（你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗？）

⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如:He

made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做个兽医。）/ Feeling good about yourself is

essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the

other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had

strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。）

(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。

(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”；复数形式的动词有:are,were,he以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。

谓语部分第一个动词的形式 单数形式 复数形式

一般现在时be(是)动词；现在某些时态和语态的助动词be am (单一); are (单二); is (单三); are

一般过去时be(是)动词；过去某些时态和语态的助动词be was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三) were

一般现在时he(有)动词；现在完成时态的助动词he he (单一); he (单二); has (单三); he

一般现在时行为动词和助动词do do (单一、单二); does (单三) do

实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词（否定和疑问句除外） 原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三) 原形动词

其他各时态语态的谓语动词 单复数形式相同

记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。（参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:”）Air andwateris necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)

(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,he,do以及变形)。如:TheOlympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗？----是的。)

3、宾语:

(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如: The angel also came to

Joseph and toldhimthe same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so

much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football

games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语)

(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hearanything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗？)

(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如:What did he see? (他看见了什么？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信？) / With what does he write aletter? (他用什么写的信？)

(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如:Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes.

(请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them

away. (请把它们收起来。)

(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以用两种结构:

①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如:Heoften gives mesome help. (他常常帮我。)

②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如:Please make mea kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.

(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如:I found the jobrather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.

(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。

4、表语:

(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如:He became a doctor

after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating

anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀？)

(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如:be,look,become,turnget,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。

(3)代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如:It’s I. (It’s me.)是我。

(4) 只能作表语的形容词有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his

carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby

is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested

in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone in

thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。)

(5)表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。

5、定语:

(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如:Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are European

countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother and

father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)

(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序:

冠词/物代 年龄/形状/大小/温度 色彩 来源 质地/材料 目的/用途 被修饰的名词(中心词)

athemyhis… old,young,… red,yellow,blue,… Chinese,English, American,… wooden,woolen,glass,silk,paper… meeting,tennis,sports,reading,swimming,… box,shoes,room,pig…

long,short,round, square…

big, large,small, little…

hot, cold, warm, cool…

(3) 时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。如:I could not find my way out,so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿。)

(4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面:The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的。)

(5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如:He remembered everything unusual.(他记得所有不寻常的事情。)

(6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见定语从句。

(7) 注意:由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。

6、状语:

(1) 说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如:I was not born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these

familiesa college education was something new.（对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。）/ He woke upto find his house on fire.(他醒来发现房子着火了。) / You cannot lee until your work

is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开)

(2) 副词作状语位置较为灵活,详见《六·2》“副词在句子中的位置以及作用”；介词短语作状语,位置基本固定,详见《七·4》“介词短语在句子中的位置”；不定式作状语,一般表示目的、结果,详见《八·7》“动词的非谓语形式”；从句作状语,详见《主从复合句》的“状语从句”。

(3) 多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念。如:He went ouf of the roomat

a quarter to 23:00last night and then

diseared into the dark.(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中。) /

(4) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等。详见“状语从句”。

(5) 注意:由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分。

7、宾语补足语:

(1) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。如:Call him Jim,

please. (请叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him hy.

(我竭尽所能让他开心。) / Ask her to come to

dinner tomorrow. (请他明天来。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him.

(他让小动物们给他带食物来。)阿

(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如:Let him in, I tell you!

(我跟你说,让他进来！)/

Please put it away. (请把它收起来。)

(3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语的情况,详见《八·7》“动词的非谓语形式”相关内容。

十二、简单句五种基本句型:

句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:

1、基本句型的词序: 2、划分符号(没有统一规定,仅供参考):

主谓句型：S－Vi。主系表句型：S－Vlink－P主谓宾句型：S－Vt.－O主谓双宾句型：S－Vt－O间宾－O直宾主谓宾补句型：S－Vt－O－C

3、例句:Jimis working [very hard] [now].（他现在正非常努力地工作。）

Sheisyoung. （她年轻。） Itlookslike rain. （天看上去要下雨。）

The

boy [always] kickedthe dog [with

his feet]. （这男孩老是用脚踢那只狗。）

Hehas [never] boughtmea toy [since last year]. （从去年起他没给我买过一个玩具。）

Hefeltsomething (cold)<moving up his leg>.（他感到有个冰冷的东西顺着腿上爬。）

英语的句子的结构。

英语介词简介

表示时间的介词

表示场所和方向的介词

其他介词

表示时间的介词

表示"时间"的介词如下:

表示年,月,日时刻等用at,in,on

表示时间的前后用before,after

表示期限等用by,untill,till

表示期间等用for,during,through

表示时间的起点等用from,since

表示时间的经过等用in,within

表示年,月,日时刻等用at,in,on

at 用于表示时刻,时间的某一点

at noon

at night

at present

at 8 o'clock

We usually he lunch at 12.

on 用于某天,某天的上,下午(指具体某一天时,一律用on) 返回

on Monday

on Tuesday morning

on June 12th

on a cold night

on the night of May 1st

We didn't listen to the lecture on Friday afternoon.

in 用于表示周,月,季节,年,泛指的上午,下午,晚上

in the week

in May

in spring

in 1992

in the morning

in the afternoon 返回

in the night

People go skating in winter.

表示时间的前后用before,after

before 在...之前

Wash your hands before dinner.

He will call me before he lees here.

after 在...之后

Let's sing some songs after school.

Please close the door after you lee the room.

表示期限等用by,untill,till

by 在...之前;截至...

How many English books had you read by the end of last year.

untill(till) 直到...为止 (untill 与 till 可通用)

We didn't begin to watch TV untill (till) nine o'clock.

I'll wait for him untill he comes here.

表示期间等用for,during,through

for 达...之久 返回

He has lived here for 20 years.

We will stay in the city for two days.

during 在...期间

They are going to he a good rest during the summer holidays.

through 一直...(从开始到结束)

They played the cards through the night.

表示时间的起点等用from,since

from 从...起(时间)

The meeting will be held from eight to ten.

The meeting will be held at eight

since 自从...以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)

I he been sick since yesterday.

The doctor has sed a lot of lives since he became a doctor.

表示时间的经过等用in,within 返回

in 在...后(未来时间)

in an hour

in a week or so

He will be back in five hours.

They said they would arrive here in a week.

within 不超过...的范围

within 3 hours

I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.

They worked hard. They finished the work within 2 days at last.

表示场所,方向的介词

表示场所的介词: at,in,on,under,by,near,between.

表示方向的介词: into,out of,along,acros,through,to,from.

at,in

at 在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所) 返回

at school

at home

at No.2 Baker Street

at a factory

I'll meet him at the Beijing railway station.

in 在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)

in Beijing

in China

in the world

in the street

She was born in China.

on,under,over,above,below

on a.在...上面,有接触面

on the desk

There are two maps on the wall.

b.在...靠近...的地方

on the right

on the river

above 在...上方

Our plane flew above the clouds.

over 在...正上方,是under的反义词 返回

There is light over Li Ming.

A few birds were flying over the sea.

under 在...下面;在...之内

under the table

under the jacket

The dog is under the table.

below 在...下方(不一定是正下方)

There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.

near,by

near 近的,不远的

near = not far

Is there a bus stop near here

by 在...旁边,距离比near要近

by the window

by me

The boy is standing by the window.

between,among,around 返回

between 在两者之间

My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.

What's the difference between A and B

among 在三者或更多的之中

There is a beautiful house among the trees.

He is very popular among the students.

around 环绕,在...周围,在...四周

We sat around the table.

They walked around the street.

in front of,behind

in front of 在...的前面;在...的前部

The is a tree in front of the house.

There is a big desk for the teacher in front of the classroom.

behind 在...后面 是 in front of的反义词 返回

There is a tree behind the house.

in,into,out of

in 在...之内,用于表示静止的位置

The students are in the classroom.

into 进入

The students run into the classroom.

He jumped into the water.

out of 和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向

The students rushed out of the room.

along,across,through

along 沿着

I was walking along the river when it began to rain.

across 横过 返回

I often swim across the river

through 贯穿,通过

The river was through the city.

to,for,from

to 到达...地点(目的地)或方向

He came to Japan in 1980.

Tom has gone to school.

for 表示目的地,"向..."

I'll lee for America next week.

lee for 动身去...

start for 出发去...

from 从...地点起...

It's about ten minutes' walk from here to the cinema.

How far is it from our school to the hospital

其他介词

表示手段和材料的介词用with,in,by

with a. 和...在一起

Will you please go with me

b. 具有,带有

He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.

c. 用某工具或方法 返回

Li Li cut her hand with a knife.

I see with my eyes.

He wrote the letter with a new pen.

in 表示用什么材料(例如用墨水,铅笔)等,或用什么语言,或者表示衣着,声调特点时,不用with,而用in

She wrote a letter in black ink.

Don't write it in pencil but in ink.

by 通过...方法,手段

He goes to school by bicycle.

of, from

of (属于)...的;表示...的数量或者种类

This is a map of China.

Will you please give me a cup of tea

from 来自(某地,某人);以...起始(时间或地点) 返回

I'm from Nanjing.

I he got a letter from my friend.

without,like,as

without 没有,是with的反义词

Men can't live without air and water.

I can't read the book without using a dictionary.

Please give me a cup of coffee without milk.

Please give me a cup of coffer with milk.

like 象...一样

Nancy is just like her mother.

as 作为

He is famous as a scientist here.

against,about 返回

against 反对;靠着

He is against the plan.

The teacher is standing against the blackboard.

about a. 关于;各处;身旁

Tell me something about your life.

He looked about himself.

I he no money about(= with) me.

b. 询问某人某物的情况或提出建议

What about your sister

How about going to the park

所有的时态结构

英语的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。

是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时

下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。

一、 一般现在时：

1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）

4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

6.例句：. It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words.

二、 一般过去时：

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式

4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

三、 现在进行时：

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.

3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing

4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句： How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

四、 过去进行时：

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构：was/were+doing

4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.

5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

五、 现在完成时：

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

3.基本结构：he/has + done

4.否定形式：he/has + not +done.

5.一般疑问句：he或has。

6.例句：I've written an article.

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.

六、 过去完成时：

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

3.基本结构：had + done.

4.否定形式：had + not + done.

5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

七、 一般将来时：

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.

4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：They are going to he a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

八、 过去将来时：

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.

4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.

I asked who was going there .

九.将来完成时：

1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态

2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）

3.基本结构：be going to/will/shall + he done

十.现在完成进行时:

1.概念：在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止

2.基本结构：he/has +been+doing

几种常见时态的相互转换

英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：

十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换

在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：

A. He joined the League two years ago.

B. He has been in the League for two years.

C. It is two years since he joined the League.

D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.

十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换

在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：

Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.

Peter is working, but Mike is playing.

十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换

在现在进行时态中go, come, lee, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：

The train is leing soon.

The train will lee soon.

十六种时态

一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时；

现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时；

现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；

现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时．

怎样分析英语句子结构？

总体而言，英语的句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，主语补语（常指表语），宾语补语，形容词补语，同位语，独立成分这十类组成，每种成分的常见表现形式最多不超过三类：单词，短语，从句。比方说，以主语为例，您需要再进一步搞清楚哪些单词或短语可以充当该成分，从句作主语有什么注意事项（如作主语的句子是陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句时各有什么要求及注意须知等等），如此这般将每个成分过上一遍，保证您的语法底子坚如磐石！

主语有两种定义（请务必注意句子成分的定义与句子结构是密不可分的!!!)

1．在“主语+谓语”结构中，主语是陈述/被陈述的对象或说明/被说明的事物。

1）主语+ 系动词+ 表语 ：He is a fanciful writer（他是一位富有想象力的作家。）

2）.主语+ 半系动词+表语：

She looks lovely in white.（她穿白色衣服看上去很漂亮。）

His face went cool again.（他的面孔又变冷漠了。）

she remained serene and in control.( 她依旧泰然自若。)

Our vision ears limited.（看来我们的目光短浅。）

注：请特别注意以上四句的谓语动词，它们在这里代表着四组不同类别的半系动词

3）主语+不及物谓语动词/ 不及物动词短语：

The breeze has died away.( 微风渐渐止住了.)

2．在“主语+谓语+宾语”结构里，主语是动作的发出者。

能够作主语的一般有：名词、代词、数词、动名词、名词化的形容词即：the+形容词表示每一类的人或物，如：the rich(富人)，the poor（穷人）等），此外还有动词不定式、动名词短语，名词短语，形容词短语，代词短语和从句（即主语从句）。

谓语同样也是两类定义：

1）在“主语+系动词+表语”结构中，谓语=系动词+表语，在 “主语+不及物谓语动词/不及物动词短语”中，谓语就是该不及物动词或不及物动词短语。

2）在“主语+谓语+宾语”结构中，谓语是主语所发出的动作。此时谓语由动词来担任。(详情参阅链接提示中内容）

宾语总体分为动宾和介词宾语两大类，动词宾语是仅指“主语+谓语+宾语+......”类结构而言，宾语是主语所发出的动作的承受者，介词宾语则是指放在介词后面单词、短语或从句（详情请参看英语语法书）宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。

定语是用来修饰名词或代词的修饰限定成分，放在被修饰词的前面或后面。（一般称为“修饰、限定名词或者代词的成分”。

定语有两类，位于被修饰词之前的单个词或者合成词称作前置定语；位于被修辞之后的单词、短语或从句称作后置定语。前置定语可以由名词,形容词和起形容词作用的词（如数词、现在分词、过去分词）来担任；后置定语则由形容词、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语和从句来担任。

前置定语见以下例句：

There is a a baby girl in the cradle. （摇篮里有一个女婴）baby就是名词作前置定语。

I am waiting for your reply. (我在等你答复) your就是形容词性物主代词作前置定语。

He is a business- is –business man.(他是一个公事公办的人) business- is –business 就是合成词作前置定语。

后置定语分为三类，详情见下：

单词：

1）以a开头的形容词： a world anew 一个崭新的世界（其中，anew就是后置定语，用来修饰限定world 。）

2)修饰限定“复合不定代词”的形容词：I he something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要对你说。（其中，important 就是后置定语用来修饰something.）

短语：

1）He had the ability to push aside all difficulties 他有能力排除一切困难。

（句中，to push aside all difficulties 就是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰ability.)

2)The girl in red is his sister. 穿红衣服的那个女孩是他妹妹。

（句中介词短语in red 就是The girl 的后置定语）

3）I hopped into a taxi standing at the door. 我跳进一辆停在旅馆门口的出租车。

（句中，standing at the door就是现在分词短语作a taxi 的后置定语）

4）He is a man rude but henpecked．他是一个粗暴而惧内的男人。（形容词短语作后置定语）

从句：

1）He lives in the house which is opposite ours. 他住在我们对面的那栋房子里。（句中，从句which is opposite ours就是the house 的后置定语）

2）This is a pretty flower, whose name I don't know. 这是一种很美的花,我不知道它叫什么名字.

（句中，whose name I don't know就是a pretty flower的后置定语）

补语有三大类：

主语补足语：一般多体现为表语形式，表语即是主语补足语的最常见的一类。

宾语补足语（放在宾语后面补充说明宾语的成分）

形容词补足语：放在形容词后面，用来补充说明该形容词的内容，原因等的成分。例如：

I am glad to see you again.(我很高兴再次见到你。）本句中的to see you again就是动词不定式作形容词glad的补语，补充说明高兴的原因，再如：

Mike is confident that he will arrive in time. （迈克相信他会及时到达。 ）句中的confident 就是形容词，其后的 that he will arrive in time就是形容词补语从句。

状语包含的内容很复杂：用以说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、让步、方式和伴随、比例、比较等十余种概念的成分称作状语，具体表现形式为“单词、短语、从句”三类，状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语以及从句来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 （详情请参看英语语法书“状语章节”，此处不多赘叙。

以上是句子中重要成分的介绍，余者还需参看语法书）

至于您末尾的一问，可以100%的肯定答复您：You are my best friend不是主谓宾结构，而是“主语+系动词+表语”结构，You是主语，are是系动词，my best friend是表语，其中，my 和best都是friend的前置定语， are my best friend是“系动词+表语”充当合成谓语，所以整个句子又可以说是属于一种“主语+谓语”结构

英语句子结构分析.

1、要分析句子结构，先了解英语句子成分：

英语常见的句子成分主要有：

主语

谓语

宾语

表语

定语

状语

同位语

宾语补足语

主语补足语

2、英语常用句子结构：

简单句

并列句

复合句

3、英语动词简单句的五种基本类型

①主系表结构

I 主语am 谓语 a sports fan表语.

It 主语 gets谓语 colder 表语 in winter 时间状语.

②主 谓结构

They left.

③主谓宾结构

I need your help

It depends on the weather

④主谓双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）结构

He 主语 ge谓语 me 间接宾语 the book 直接宾语 yesterday 时间状语.

⑤主谓复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）结构

We主语 made谓语 him宾语 monitor宾语补足语 of our class.定语

4、句子成分划分举例：

I 主语live in 谓语Shijiazhuang 宾语,a city 同位语not far from Beijing 形容词短语， 后置定语. 简单句

The teachers 主语are 谓语enthusiastic and friendly表语 and the class rooms 主语 are 谓语 amazing表语.

and 连接的并列句

I 主语don't think 谓语( that )I will be bored in Ms Shen's class 宾语从句.

宾语从句成分

I 主语will be 谓语 bored 表语 in Ms Shen's class 介词短语，状语

The teacher主语 is 谓语a very enthusiastic定语 woman.表语

另外，建议你：最好看看语法书。在高考之前，将所有的语法好好看一遍，并能够做一些针对性练习，很有助于巩固语法知识。当然，结合老师复习内容，及时加些时间学习对应语法，效果最好。

当然，要整体高学习成绩，还需要从朗读、阅读入手。结合朗读，输入更多正确语言表达形式，培养语感；结合阅读，复习高考高频词汇、常用短语、句型结构，为写作积累要使用的基本词句。同时，扩大词汇量，增强阅读和理解能力，提高阅读水平，增强运用英语语言知识解决问题的能力。

手工逐字敲打，希望有助于你。

如果还有具体问题，可以百度Hi直接联系。

祝你开心如意！

1、要分析句子结构，先了解英语句子成分：

英语常见的句子成分主要有：

主语

谓语

宾语

表语

定语

状语

同位语

宾语补足语

主语补足语

2、英语常用句子结构：

简单句

并列句

复合句

3、英语动词简单句的五种基本类型

①主系表结构

I 主语am 谓语 a sports fan表语.

It 主语 gets谓语 colder 表语 in winter 时间状语.

②主 谓结构

They left.

③主谓宾结构

I need your help

It depends on the weather

④主谓双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）结构

He 主语 ge谓语 me 间接宾语 the book 直接宾语 yesterday 时间状语.

⑤主谓复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）结构

We主语 made谓语 him宾语 monitor宾语补足语 of our class.定语

4、句子成分划分举例：

I 主语live in 谓语Shijiazhuang 宾语,a city 同位语not far from Beijing 形容词短语， 后置定语. 简单句

The teachers 主语are 谓语enthusiastic and friendly表语 and the class rooms 主语 are 谓语 amazing表语.

and 连接的并列句

I 主语don't think 谓语( that )I will be bored in Ms Shen's class 宾语从句.

宾语从句成分

I 主语will be 谓语 bored 表语 in Ms Shen's class 介词短语，状语

The teacher主语 is 谓语a very enthusiastic定语 woman.表语

另外，建议你：最好看看语法书。在高考之前，将所有的语法好好看一遍，并能够做一些针对性练习，很有助于巩固语法知识。当然，结合老师复习内容，及时加些时间学习对应语法，效果最好。

当然，要整体高学习成绩，还需要从朗读、阅读入手。结合朗读，输入更多正确语言表达形式，培养语感；结合阅读，复习高考高频词汇、常用短语、句型结构，为写作积累要使用的基本词句。同时，扩大词汇量，增强阅读和理解能力，提高阅读水平，增强运用英语语言知识解决问题的能力。

手工逐字敲打，希望有助于你。

如果还有具体问题，可以百度Hi直接联系。

祝你开心如意！

这样可以么？