_初中划分句子成分的题和答案详解
1.句子成分划分题及答案分别是?
2.句子成分划分 详细的划分
3.这本书我爱看 句子成分划分谢谢
4.初中英语句子成分例句及详解
5.初中语文句子成分的划分知识点
1.所谓的主宾表等都是名词,不能包含介词。此句系动词为is,谓语应该是 is interested
2.is going to 应该是助动词。
3.he 为助动词。
4.应该也是表语,与前面的同级。
句子成分划分题及答案分别是?
她〔像雕像一般〕伫立在〈山顶〉。这种分析是错误的。正确的分析有两种:
第一:
她‖〔像雕像一般〕伫立〈在山顶〉。(“在山顶”是介词短语,介词结构出现在动词后只能作补语,不能作宾语。)
第二:
她‖〔像雕像一般〕伫立在│山顶。(“│”表示动宾关系)
第一种分析注重了变换,因为可以说“在山顶伫立”。第二种分析注重了语音停顿。因为我们是读作“伫立在——山顶”。正确的答案有时并不只是一个。但考虑到是初二的语文,我们只推荐第一种分析。这与课本的内容相符。
补语和宾语的辨认
补语、宾语都位于动词后,一般说来,补语是谓词性成分,宾语多数是名词性成分。但是宾语也可能用谓词性成分,补语可能用表示时段的名词性成分,此外宾语和补语都可以用量词短语充当,由于这种种原因,就有个补语和宾语的划界问题。划分补语和宾语,可以考虑:
第一、看关系。“喜欢安静”和“考虑清楚”都是“动+形”。前者的“安静”可以回答“喜欢什么”的问题,是宾语,是“喜欢”所支配的对象,有动宾关系;后者的“清楚”不可能回答“考虑什么”的问题,只能回答“考虑得怎么样”的问题,是“考虑”的结果补语,有中补关系。此外状态补语之前会用“得”字,而某些动词含语素“得”,像“获得丰收}取得胜利}觉得好看}心情显得很沉重”,中间的“得”字是构词成分,不是助词。
第二、看成分的词性。量词短语里如果用物量词,一般是宾语;如果用动量词,就是补语。例如“看几本”和“看几遍”,前者“几本”是宾语 ,后者“几篇”是补语。
第三、某些表示时间的成分既可能作补语,也可能作宾语,而作宾语时往往可以变换成“把”字句。例如“他浪费了两个钟头”和“他干了两个钟头”,前者可以变换成“他把两个钟头浪费了”,其中“两个钟头”是宾语 ;后者不能这样变换,其中“两个钟头”是补语。
句子成分划分 详细的划分
句子的主要成分:主、谓、宾。
1、鲁班‖是(我国古代)(春秋时期)(一位)(著名)的(建筑)工匠。
2、(鲁班所处)的时代‖[距现在]?[已经]好〈几千年了〉。
3、(那个时候)的(社会)生产力‖[还十分]落后。
4、鲁班‖接受﹤了﹥(一项)(大)的(建筑工程)任务。
5、鲁班‖发现这种草叶的两边都长着锯齿状的刺。
6、鲁班‖[从中]得到启发。
7、鲁班‖[用锯齿状的竹片]?[在一棵小树树干上]?[来回]拉﹤了﹥﹤起来﹥。
8、[直到今天],锯子‖[仍然]是(木匠们干活)的(主要)工具。
9、[后来],鲁班‖[又陆续]发明﹤了﹥(木刨、钻、墨斗和曲尺等)(许多)(木匠)工具。
10、蔡伦‖出生﹤在一个贫苦的铁匠家里﹥。
句子的主干:
各种句子成分在句子的构成中所起的作用并不是都一样的。其中有的起主干作用的如:主谓宾。有的是对主干起修饰、限制、补充作用的“枝叶”成分,即定状补。因此所谓的句子主干是指把句子的所有定语、状语、补语都压缩掉以后剩下的部分。
找句子主干要注意的问题:
1、句子的主干并不等于全句。
2、否定句中的否定词“不”“没有”“没”等在句中充当状语,在找否定句的主干时,要将否定词保留。
这本书我爱看 句子成分划分谢谢
1.每天放学后(状语),老师(主语)总要站在校门口(状语)看(谓语)一会儿(补语)。
2.为了保护人民生命财产安全(状语),解放军(定语)战士(主语)与洪水(状语)搏斗(谓语)了三天三夜(补语)。
3.你们(主语)这些战斗在第一线的(定语)战士们(主语)要牢记(谓语)党和人民的(定语)嘱托(宾语)。
4.在这喊声中(状语),乌云(主语)听出(谓语)了愤怒的(定语)力量(宾语)、热情的(定语)火焰(宾语) 和胜利的(定语)信心(宾语)。
初中英语句子成分例句及详解
1. 这本书我爱看。
这本书是主语,我爱看是主谓结构作谓语。
这是汉语语法里独特的地方,不要用你学的英语语法来套。汉语里动词、名词、形容词、主谓结构都可以当谓语,你不应该只找动词。
2. 我爱看这本书
我是主语,爱是谓语,看这本书是主谓结构作宾语。
这不是连动形式,爱和看并没有连动。
3. “她到图书馆借看”是连动形式,到图书馆借看是谓语。算单句。
“她推开门走进来站在桌子前”也是连动。
4. 玫瑰花我给你们十朵,给他粉的,给你黄的。
玫瑰花是主语,我给你们十朵是主谓结构作谓语,给他粉的,给你黄的是动宾结构作状语。
关于主谓结构作谓语,见下面的链接。
初中语文句子成分的划分知识点
1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins he porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. he D. breakfast
3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in.(副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The lees he turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:
I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He ge me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)
We will make them hy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll he my bike repaired. (过去分词)
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world.(数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I he an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
(六) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was trelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he lee any message for me?
参 考 答 案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school
③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground
(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off
(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语
③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语
⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
1.什么是句子
句子是由词或词组构成的,是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气,句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。
2.句子成分的名称及符号
名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
符号:主语=谓语-宾语~
定语()状语[]补语<>
①句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。
补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。
②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用‖划开。
3.(1)划分句子成分,首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。
主语:是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。
谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
宾语:在动词后面,表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物,回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。
句子一般有两种情况:写人、写物(写事、写物)。分析句子时,首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。
①.写人格式:“谁”+“干什么”
(主语)(谓语)(宾语)
例:杨亚‖写字
主谓宾
注意:处理复杂的单句时,要抓主干。
例:一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。
主谓宾
②.写物
格式:“什么事”或“什么物”+“怎么样”
(主语)(谓语、宾语)
例:猫‖捉鱼
主谓宾
例:一只小猫‖在盆边捉了一条大鱼
主谓宾
注意:“是”为典型的动词,一般是“谓语”。
例如:他‖是学生
主谓宾
(2).划分句子成分,还要抓住枝干(定语、状语、补语)
定语:在句子中起着修饰、限制主语或宾语中心语的作用。
状语:修饰、限制谓语中心语,一般在谓语中心语前面,有的.在句子最前面,交待时间、地点、范围、情况等。
补语:对谓语中心语起补充说明作用,一般放在谓语中心语之后。
例:画眉唱歌
这是一个把主语中心语、谓语中心语、宾语中心语单提出的句子。原句是“两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。”
①.(两只美丽的)画眉
“两只美丽”是“画眉”--主语中心语的修饰部分,叫“定语”。
②.[高兴]地唱
谓语中心语“唱”前边的修饰、限制成分--“高兴”为“状语”。
③.(一首)歌
宾语中心语“歌”前的修饰、限制部分--“一首”为“定语”。
④.歌唱得<好>
修饰、限制谓语中心语“唱”,并放在它后面的部分--“好”为“补语”。
4.划分句子的口诀:
(1)句子成分要划对,
(2)纵观全局找主谓。
(3)主前定状谓后补,
(4)谓前只有状地位。
(5)“的”定“地”状“得”后补,
(6)宾语只受谓支配。
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