英语句子形式_英语句子形式是什么意思
1.六种基本的句子类型(英语的)都是什么最好
2.一般现在时的句型有哪几种?
3.英语的句子形式详解
4.英语句子的种类和用法,有哪些啊?
5.英语中句子用倒装形式的情况
6.英语句子的结构有哪些
简单粗糙理解就是(非谓语一般都是动词,是除了作谓语成分的动词以外的动词成分):
1. 不定式:表将来;作状语表目的、结果、原因等;作定语修饰名词或代词
2. ing:1)现在分词:正在进行、主动的状态、做伴随(伴随就是作谓语的动作发生的同时, 非谓语的动作也在进行中)
2)动名词:相当于名词
3. ed:过去分词:过去式、被动的状态、完成的状态
六种基本的句子类型(英语的)都是什么最好
强调句型:句型结构形式:It is/was…that/who…
be的时态:that/who前面be的时态一般是一般现在时,当它后面的句子为过去时时,才用过去时. 扩展资料
反意疑问句:
形式:句子+简短的疑问
(1)前面若有多个句子并列,则以最后一个句子为准;若前面部分为主从复合句,一般说来,以主句为准;但若宾语主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,feel,imagine,consider,guess等,主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时,简短疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准,而肯、否定形式依主句而定.
(2)前面句子含有must,can’t,may等表推测的词时,疑问部分则依据句子的时态及时间状语而定.
(3)句子是Let’s...时,后面用shall/shan’t we;前面部分是Let us…祈使句时,后面用will/won’t you.
(4)前面句子是I’m…时,后面用 aren’t l;句子是I’m not…时,后面用 am I.
(5)前面是感叹句时,后面跟感叹句的主、谓一致,但用否定形式.
(6)当主语是anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody时,疑问部分用复数形式.
否定、肯定形式:
(1)一般说来,前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相反;但当句子前有0h,Ah,so等语气词时,前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相同.
(2)前面部分有否定词或半否定词时,后面部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的.否定词时,后面部分还是用否定形式.
祈使句:祈使句的主语是you,但一般被省略;当前面有呼语时,一般得补出主语you;否定式一般是在前面加Don’t.
在“祈使句,+and/or/and then+句子”句型中,当祈使句中含有比较级时,可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略,只留下“比较级或比较级与名词,+and/or/and then+句子”.
感叹句:句型:what +a(n)+adj +n.+主语+be!;How +adj/adv.+主语+动词!
There be句型:注意动词的形式;注意能用于这一句型的抽象特殊名词及动词的抽象形式;注意主语补足语的形式.
倒装句:倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装.全部倒装:地点副词或介词短语+动词+主语(名词);地点副词或介词短语+主语(代词)+动词.部分倒装:(1)否定词或半否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其它.
(2)only+副词(状语)/SO+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其它.
(3)让步状语从句的倒装.
(4)非真实条件句的倒装.
一般现在时的句型有哪几种?
三大句型。也可以看作六种基本句型。
1主系表
2(1)主谓 (即 主语 加不及物动词)
(2)谓主 (即主谓结构的特殊形式,there 加不及物动词加主语)
3 主谓宾 包括
(1)主谓单宾
(2)主谓双宾(即主语加间接宾语加直接宾语)
(3)主谓复合宾(即 主语加宾语加宾补)
英语的句子形式详解
1、主语(subject)是句子叙述的主体,一般置于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
2、谓语(predicate)说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征或状态,一般由动词来承担。谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”和“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
3、宾语(object),又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的对象或接受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语(间接宾语也称宾语补足语)两大类,其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响。
4、定语(Attributive)是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。定语主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。
5、状语,英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。状语的功用:说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。
6、英语补语(Complement)的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的,是起补充说明作用的成分。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作补语。
7、表语(predicative)是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
8、宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语。
扩展资料:
基本形式:简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来,如五大基本句型:
1、主语+谓语(s.+predicate),这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词。
2、主语+系动词+表语(s.+link v.+predicative),这种句型称为主系表结构,其实联系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,系动词与表语一起构成了复合谓语。
3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(s.+predicate+oi.+od.),这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构,其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词,两个宾语一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语。
4、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s.+predicate+o.+o.c.),这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构,其补语是宾语补语,与宾语一起即构成复合宾语。
5、主语+谓语+宾语(s.+predicate+o.),这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,它的谓语一般多是及物动词。
参考资料:
百度百科--英语语法
英语句子的种类和用法,有哪些啊?
一、陈述句
用来陈述事实或观点的句子叫陈述句。朗读时用降调,句末用句号。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句两种形式。例如:
1. 肯定陈述句
(1) This is a desk.
(2) They look very young.
(3) You must look after your clothes.
(4) There is some money in the purse.
2. 否定陈述句
(1) They aren't my books.
(2) I don't know.
(3) Kate can't find her pen.
(4) There isn't a cat here. (= There's no cat here. )
二、祈使句
用来表示请求、命令、建议等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的主语是you,常省略,谓语动词用原形。朗读时用降调,句末用句号。祈使句分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句两种形式。例如:
1. 肯定祈使句
(1) Please go and ask the policeman.
(2) Come in, please.
2. 否定祈使句
(1) Don't worry.
(2) Don't be late for school.
三、疑问句
用来提问的句子叫疑问句。句末用问号,疑问句分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句和特殊疑问句等。
1. 一般疑问句
一般疑问句用来询问某事物和某情况是否属实,需要对方给予肯定 (yes) 或否定(no) 回答。朗读一般疑问句时用升调,句末用问号。例如:
(1) Is he a student?
(2) Can you spell it?
(3) Do you know?
(4) Are there any students in the classroom?
肯定回答 / 否定回答
(1) Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
(2) Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
(3) Yes, we do. / No, we don't.
(4) Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
2. 选择疑问句
从所提供的两个或两个以上选项中选择一个做出回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。朗读时or前面的部分用升调,or后面的部分用降调,句末用问号。回答时要根据选项做出选择,不用yes或no来回答。例如:
—Is your friend a boy or a girl?
—He is a boy. / She is a girl.
3. 特殊疑问句
由what, who, whose, which, where, how等疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。朗读时用降调,句末用问号。回答时要做出具体回答,不用yes或no来回答。
特殊疑问句的语序分为两种:(1)陈述句语序。此时,疑问词作句子的主语或主语的修饰语。(2)疑问句语序。即:“疑问词 + 一般疑问句?”例如:
(1) —Who is on duty today?
—Li Lei is. (疑问词who作主语)
—Which bike is yours?
—The one under the tree. (疑问词which作bike的定语)
(2) —What else can you see in the picture?
—I can see some kites and a ball in it.
—How many books are there on the desk?
—Only one.
(一) 知识概要
初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种:
① 主语+不及物动词。如:I arrived at six last night.
② 主语+及物动词+宾语,如:I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.
③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.
④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如:I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
⑤ 主语+系动词+表语,如:Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在某种事物,如:There is a map on the wall 其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持be动词,不要换用he,如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点:
① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,如: The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。
③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如: This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.
④有些形单却意为复数的名词,如: People are coming here 这样的词还有 Police, 如果要讲一个警察时,应讲 a policeman。 两个警察为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen
⑤ 所有不定代词 each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, someone, something … 要作为单数如: Someone is waiting for you 在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有: and not only … but also, neither … nor, either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示转折关系的并列连词有: but 和 yet, 如: She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如: I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有:or, either … or,如: Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果关系的并列连词有: for, so 如: They studied very hard, so they all passed the exam
宾语从句
① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如: I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如: I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,所以在口语中常常被省略。如: I am sure (that) she has passed the exam
②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不起语法作用,当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时,要用 whether, 如: I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not
③ what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成份,如: I don't understand what you said (what 作 said 的宾语)。又如: I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。
④ who,它也和what一样,在句中除作连接词外,可以充当句中的成份,如:I know who she is looking for?
⑤ whose 如: I want to know whose book this is?
⑥ which 如: Do you know which book is mine? 在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词,① how 它的应用最广,如: how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如: How much does it cost? ② when 它只是连接时间状语,如: Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③ where 它连接地点状语,如: Where are you from? ④ why 它要连接的是原因状语从句,如: The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.
在考试中常见到的考点是: 宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。
① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态, 如: I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。
②主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如: 一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时,不能用现在时态。如: I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun
时间状语从句
其连接词有:after, before, when, as, as soon as, until (till), while, since, by 其中较难掌握的有以下几点:
① until (till) 直到,在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如: I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如: He didn't go to bed until his mother came back
② 由 since, for, by, before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如: I he studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如: I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 则多用于完成时, ago 则多用于一般过去时,如: He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago
③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如: If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时,从句用一般过去进行时,如: He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park
考试中常见的考点有:要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如: I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系,如: I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow
原因状语
① because, 应译为"因为"。它表达的因果关系最强,如: He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard
② since 应译为"既然",如: Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk
③ as 应译为"由于",如: As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首,如: He studies hard, for he wants to go to college
比较状语从句
同级比较 as … as, 如: This book is as good as that one 要注意的有两点:
① as … as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。
② 用形容词还是副词,如: Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句为 not as (so) … as, 如: They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加 than, 如: He is younger than I am
要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两个句型:
① 比较级+and+比较级,如: The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful
② 定冠词 the + 比较级+ the + 比较级,如: The harder you study, the more you can learn 方式状语中要注意的是as (连词)与 like (介词)的区别。 as 作为连词其后接从句,如: Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略,如: Please do it as I 而 like 是介词,其后要接的是宾语,如: Please do it like me
结果和目的状语从句
主要有 so … that, so that, in order that等几种用法。
① so … that 用在单数可数名词前,so + 形容词 + a + 名词 + that,如: She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such + a + 形容词 + 名词 + that, 如: She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her
② 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such, 如: It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如: They are such good players that they should win the game.
③ 在much, many, few, little 之前只能用so, 如: I he so little money that I can't buy it
④ so … that 之间只有形容词时,则不能用 such, 如: It is so good that I want to buy
⑤ so that 其后接从句,如: I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus
英语中句子用倒装形式的情况
一、陈述句:是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法,可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。
1、谓语动词是be动词,助动词he, has, will,情态动词can等时,只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。
eg. Lily has already read this new book. (改为否定句)
Lily ______ ______ this new book ________.
2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时,必须在谓语动词前加助动词,一般现在时加助动词do ,第三人称单数加does,一般过去时加did,再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是:don't, doesn't, didn't后都用动词原形。
eg.1)Jill has lunch at school every day. (改为否定句)
Jill _____ _____ lunch at school every day.
2)The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句)
The children ______ _____ a good time at the party.
3)Rose didn't drink any milk this morning.(改为肯定句)
Rose ______ ______ milk this morning.
二、疑问句:是用来提出问题的句子。
A.一般疑问句:以be动词, he /has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头,以yes或no来回答的问句。
它的基本结构是:Be/He /Has/Did等助动词(包括情态动词)+主语+谓语(包括表语)+┄?回答常用简略回答。
1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时,只要直接把这些词置于句首,句末改成问号。
eg. There's something wrong with his bike.(改成疑问句)
______ _____ _______ wrong with his bike?
2、谓语动词是行为动词时,必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does(三单)、Did(过去式)加上这些助动词后,句子中谓语动词必须用原形。
eg. 1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. (改成疑问句)
______ Edison ______ a science lab himself when he was ten?
2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.(改成疑问句)
______ those Japanese ________ Chinese food?
注意:在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词,如果有也必须进行改变,already要改成yet,some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外,在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候,常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。
B.特殊疑问句:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。
它的基本结构是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语,就用特殊疑问词+陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有:what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why等,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答,不用yes或no来回答。
1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问,疑问词用what
①The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. (划线提问)
______ _____ the twins _____ when their mother came in?
②Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. (划线提问)
_______ ______ Mrs Turner ask her son ______ _______?
2)对名词前定语提出疑问,疑问词应用which,而且必须和名词连用。
I'm going to take the shirt on the right.(划线提问)
______ _____ are you going to take?
3)对指人名词或代词提问用who,作宾语时提问用whom。
eg.Li Ping,they,his father
4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。
eg. Li Ping's coat→Whose coat my father→Whose father
5)对具体时间提出疑问,如 in the morning,last Sunday等,疑问词用when;对具体几点钟提问,疑问词应用what time。
6)对具体地点提出疑问,疑问词应用where。
The pupils are hing a picnic at the foot of the hill. (划线提问)
_____ _____ the pupils hing a picnic?
7)对表原因的从句提问,常见的有because引导的从句,疑问词应用why。
Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill. (划线提问)
_______ _____ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us?
8)对方式或程度等提出疑问,用疑问词How。
eg. go by bike like very much
9)对数量提出疑问,疑问词为How many,要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。
eg. two hundred sheep→How many sheep
10)对价格提出疑问,疑问词用How much。
eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater.
______ ______ did you pay for the sweater?
11)对时间长度提出疑问,疑问词应用How long。
eg. I've worked in that factory for two years. (划线提问)96中考题
______ _____ _______ you worked in that factory?
12)对时间频率,如 once a year, twice a week等提问,疑问词用How often。
13)对具体次数,如 once, twice, three times等提问,疑问词用How many times。
eg. ______ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. 96中考题
A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long
14)对in+一段时间提问,疑问词一般用How soon。
eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. (划线提问)
_____ _____ _____ Jane and her brother finish the work?
15)对距离提出疑问,疑问词用How far。
eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country.(划线提问)
______ _____ _____ _____ from here to the country?
16)另外,对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问,则分别用
What's the date?
What day is it ? 如果是过去时间,就用was代替is。
What's the weather like?
练习题
1)She does exercises at home in the evening.(改成否定句、一般疑问句)
She ______ ______ exercises at home in the evening.
______ she _____ exercises at home in the evening?
2)He said something important at the meeting.(改为否定句,一般疑问句)
He _____ ______ ______ important at the meeting.
______ he ______ ______ important at the meeting?
3)It'll take them three weeks to finish the work.(划线提问)
______ ______ _______ it take them to finish the work?
4)I he to wash all the plates and things after meals.(划线提问)
_____ _____ you he to wash all the plates and things?
5)The woman in the red coat is her mother.(划线提问)
______ ______ is her mother?
6)Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.(划线提问)
_____ ____ ____ Li Ping _____ on the dictionary?
思考题
1)The worker's visited the factory already.(改成否定句、一般疑问句)
The worker _____ _____ the factory ______.
____ the worker ___ the factory __?
2)Both of his parents are workers.(改成否定句)
___ of his parents ______ a worker.
3)He went to the park with his sister.(划线提问)
_____ ____ ____ he go to the park?
4)We really enjoyed working on the farm.(划线提问)
What _____ you really enjoy ______?
5)She writes to her parents once a week.(划线提问)
_______ ______ ______ she write to her parents?
6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.(划线提问)
______ ______ ______ our P.E teacher been at this school?
一、陈述句:是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法,可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。
1、谓语动词是be动词,助动词he, has, will,情态动词can等时,只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。
eg. Lily has already read this new book. (改为否定句)
Lily ______ ______ this new book ________.
2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时,必须在谓语动词前加助动词,一般现在时加助动词do ,第三人称单数加does,一般过去时加did,再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是:don't, doesn't, didn't后都用动词原形。
eg.1)Jill has lunch at school every day. (改为否定句)
Jill _____ _____ lunch at school every day.
2)The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句)
The children ______ _____ a good time at the party.
3)Rose didn't drink any milk this morning.(改为肯定句)
Rose ______ ______ milk this morning.
二、疑问句:是用来提出问题的句子。
A.一般疑问句:以be动词, he /has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头,以yes或no来回答的问句。
它的基本结构是:Be/He /Has/Did等助动词(包括情态动词)+主语+谓语(包括表语)+┄?回答常用简略回答。
1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时,只要直接把这些词置于句首,句末改成问号。
eg. There's something wrong with his bike.(改成疑问句)
______ _____ _______ wrong with his bike?
2、谓语动词是行为动词时,必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does(三单)、Did(过去式)加上这些助动词后,句子中谓语动词必须用原形。
eg. 1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. (改成疑问句)
______ Edison ______ a science lab himself when he was ten?
2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.(改成疑问句)
______ those Japanese ________ Chinese food?
注意:在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词,如果有也必须进行改变,already要改成yet,some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外,在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候,常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。
B.特殊疑问句:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。
它的基本结构是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语,就用特殊疑问词+陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有:what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why等,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答,不用yes或no来回答。
1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问,疑问词用what
①The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. (划线提问)
______ _____ the twins _____ when their mother came in?
②Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. (划线提问)
_______ ______ Mrs Turner ask her son ______ _______?
2)对名词前定语提出疑问,疑问词应用which,而且必须和名词连用。
I'm going to take the shirt on the right.(划线提问)
______ _____ are you going to take?
3)对指人名词或代词提问用who,作宾语时提问用whom。
eg.Li Ping,they,his father
4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。
eg. Li Ping's coat→Whose coat my father→Whose father
5)对具体时间提出疑问,如 in the morning,last Sunday等,疑问词用when;对具体几点钟提问,疑问词应用what time。
6)对具体地点提出疑问,疑问词应用where。
The pupils are hing a picnic at the foot of the hill. (划线提问)
_____ _____ the pupils hing a picnic?
7)对表原因的从句提问,常见的有because引导的从句,疑问词应用why。
Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill. (划线提问)
_______ _____ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us?
8)对方式或程度等提出疑问,用疑问词How。
eg. go by bike like very much
9)对数量提出疑问,疑问词为How many,要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。
eg. two hundred sheep→How many sheep
10)对价格提出疑问,疑问词用How much。
eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater.
______ ______ did you pay for the sweater?
11)对时间长度提出疑问,疑问词应用How long。
eg. I've worked in that factory for two years. (划线提问)96中考题
______ _____ _______ you worked in that factory?
12)对时间频率,如 once a year, twice a week等提问,疑问词用How often。
13)对具体次数,如 once, twice, three times等提问,疑问词用How many times。
eg. ______ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. 96中考题
A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long
14)对in+一段时间提问,疑问词一般用How soon。
eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. (划线提问)
_____ _____ _____ Jane and her brother finish the work?
15)对距离提出疑问,疑问词用How far。
eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country.(划线提问)
______ _____ _____ _____ from here to the country?
16)另外,对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问,则分别用
What's the date?
What day is it ? 如果是过去时间,就用was代替is。
What's the weather like?
练习题
1)She does exercises at home in the evening.(改成否定句、一般疑问句)
She ______ ______ exercises at home in the evening.
______ she _____ exercises at home in the evening?
2)He said something important at the meeting.(改为否定句,一般疑问句)
He _____ ______ ______ important at the meeting.
______ he ______ ______ important at the meeting?
3)It'll take them three weeks to finish the work.(划线提问)
______ ______ _______ it take them to finish the work?
4)I he to wash all the plates and things after meals.(划线提问)
_____ _____ you he to wash all the plates and things?
5)The woman in the red coat is her mother.(划线提问)
______ ______ is her mother?
6)Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.(划线提问)
_____ ____ ____ Li Ping _____ on the dictionary?
思考题
1)The worker's visited the factory already.(改成否定句、一般疑问句)
The worker _____ _____ the factory ______.
____ the worker ___ the factory __?
2)Both of his parents are workers.(改成否定句)
___ of his parents ______ a worker.
3)He went to the park with his sister.(划线提问)
_____ ____ ____ he go to the park?
4)We really enjoyed working on the farm.(划线提问)
What _____ you really enjoy ______?
5)She writes to her parents once a week.(划线提问)
_______ ______ ______ she write to her parents?
6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.(划线提问)
______ ______ ______ our P.E teacher been at this school?
句型转换题是中考常见题型,它主要用来考查大家对句子结构的构成、变化的掌握及在行文中的运用等,类型繁多。现以近两年中考题为例,分类介绍如下:
[第一类] 改成否定句
英语中有关否定的结构各不相同,除动词部分构成的否定外,还有名词、代词的否定、部分否定、否定转移、以及一些表示否定意义的短语或句型等。
一、含有连系动词、情态动词等助动词的句子改为否定句时,在连系动词、情态动词等的后面加not就行了。如:(划线部分为正确答案,下同。)
1. He was late for school yesterday. (2005黑龙江省泰州市)
He wasn’t late for school yesterday.
2. The students of No.2 Middle School he gone for a picnic already. (2004新疆)
The students of No.2 Middle School hen’t gone for a picnic yet.
二、祈使句变否定句一般在其前加don’t。如:
3. Open the window. (2005江苏省)
Don’t open the window.
三、实义动词的否定式是在实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t, didn’t等。如:
4. She does the housework every day. (2005黑龙江省哈尔滨市)
She doesn’t do the housework every day.
5. He returned the book to the library this morning. (2004重庆市)
He didn’t return the book to the library this morning.
注意:变否定句时须注意某些词语的变化,如some改为any, something改为anything, already改为yet, both改为neither, all改为none等。又如:
6. Both of them are my best friends. (2004甘肃省兰州市)
Neither of them is my best friend.
[第二类] 改为疑问句
可分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
一、变一般疑问句时,含有连系动词、情态动词的句子,只需将它们移至句首,第一个字母变为大写,句尾改为问号即可。含有实义动词的句子,在实义动词前加do, does, did等。变化过程中也要注意某些词语和人称的变化。如:
7. There’s something to eat in the cupboard.(2005贵州省贵阳市)
Is there anything to eat in the cupboard?
8. Kate does morning exercises every day. (2004山东省济南市)
Does Kate do morning exercises every day?
9. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (2005四川省成都市)
Did Ann return the book to the library yesterday?
二、变选择疑问句时,如果该句是一般疑问句,则在后面直接加“or+另一选择部分”就行了;若是陈述句,则要先变成一般疑问句。如:
10. John is an American. (用a Canadian改为选择疑问句)(2004新疆)
Is John an American or a Canadian?
三、变反意疑问句时,要注意“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”,还要注意一些特殊形式的反意疑问句。如:
11. She has hardly had anything this morning, has she?(2005山东省泰安市)
12. You will meet your friends at the railway station, won’t you?(2004重庆)
13. She had nothing for breakfast, did she?(2005青海)
14. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, was there?(2004黑龙江省哈尔滨市)
英语句子的结构有哪些
一、 表示强调:
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装.
例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你
才可以解决这个问题.
例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had
made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误.
2. not,little,hardly,scarcely,no more,no longer,in no
way,never,seldom,not only,no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句
子用部分倒装.
例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下
起了雨.
例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班.
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示
强调so /such和that之间的部分.
例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要
价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌.
例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors
walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了.
以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极
佳的修辞效果.
二、 承上启下
有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧
接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承
上启下的作用.
例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying
on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她
叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了.一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上.
例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we
are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不
平.我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋.
三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒
装来制造悬念,渲染气氛.如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图
画.
再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装.在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七
个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应.全节读
罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果.
四、 平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保
持句子平衡.在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常
用倒装语序.
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使
句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序.
例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with
orders from the headquarters to rescue the tred miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders
from the headquarters to rescue the tred miners.
一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工.
例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去.
从例句中可看出, 用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而
用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭.因而,在主语较长时就应用倒装语
序以取得理想的表达效果.
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都
提到主语前.如:
Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子.
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也用完全倒装来保持句子平衡.如:
Here is the letter you he been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的
信在这儿.
五、 使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词
(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句
首,句子用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外).如:
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了.
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman
pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三
楼跳了下去.
Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!
Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!
以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风
.但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚.
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound.
The tradesman lees his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell,
helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred
voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the
window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装
句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the
people.从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉
贼场面.
倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段.倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,
了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 ,
对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益.因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使
文章表达更生动、有力.
(一)主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般
在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, ear, hen, break out; 表来、去,如:com
e, go 等)
3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,
him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。
eg:I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
(二)主系表结构:
1、主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,he been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变
成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear, see等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词
或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。(1)当联系动词不是
be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好。
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
I feel good.我感觉好。
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
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