句子成分和基本句型全英语教案_
1.英语句子的组成部分的解析
2.英语句子成分
英语句子与句子成分
引导语:句子是最高一级的语法单位.也是人们表达思想进行交际的基本语言单位。以下是的我为大家找到的英语句子与句子成分。希望能够帮助到大家!
一、句子
句子是最高一级的语法单位.也是人们表达思想进行交际的基本语言单位。作为人们表达思想的基本语言单位,句子具省以下两个特征:一是句子能在交际中单独使用,二是句子能够表达相对完整的意思,并在一定的上下文或语境守发挥交际作用。句子建筑在分句基础上,讨以包括一个或一个以上的分句。当句子只包括一个分句时,句子和分句是没有区别的。但是.句子又不同于分句:作为最高一级的语法单位,句子的结构形式是无限的,而分句的结构形式却是有限的。因此.本书讲到?句子成分?、?基本句型?时,指的'都是分句的成分和基本的分句句型。
二、句子成分
1)主语是一句话的中心,整句话都谈它的情况。
A match will set fire to a large building.星星之后,可以燎原。
An artist lives everywhere. 艺人处处可安家。
2)谓语是主语的主要情况,可表示动作,也可表示状态。
Yoga ariginated in the East.瑜伽起源于东方。(动作)
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。(状态)
3)宾语表示动作的承受者,也可表示动作的结果。
All the students like her.所有的学生都喜欢她。(动作承受者)
She is writing a letter now.她在写信。(动作的结果)
4)表语和系动词一起构成谓语
Life is not all roses.人生并不全是康庄大道。
5)定语修饰名词、代词等
A good winter brings a good summer.瑞雪兆丰年。(修饰名词)
Everyone in the school likes her.学校里每个人都很喜欢她。(修饰代词)
6)状语修饰动词、形容词或副词
The job pays fairly well.那份工作报酬很高。(修饰动词,fairly修饰副词well)
He seems wery hy. 他看起来很开心。(修饰形容词)
○此外还有同垃语、插入语及呼语。
That is my hometown,Paris.那是我的家乡,巴黎。(作hometown的同位语)
Paris is a romantic city,they say..人们都说巴黎是个浪漫的城市。(作插入语)
Attention,everybody!(作呼语)
;英语句子的组成部分的解析
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。如:
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends.(我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。
2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。如:
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends. (我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。
3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:
They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。)
I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)
这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。
4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如:
This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)
He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。)
这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语。
5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如:
The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。)
I often write to him. (我常给他写信。)
The bag is too hey. (这个书包太重了。)
这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词,第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词,它们都作状语。
6)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如:This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。)
通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下:
(定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语)
如:(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
(The hy) child --- went (his) home yesterday 好学习努力我也要努力!!!!
英语句子成分
Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分.句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分.▲句子成分分类1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”.一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如:讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.▲ 在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间.如:There are some bottles of milk in the box.▲ 在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语.如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house.2.谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致.如:He is very generous.She looks very smart and coolWe he finished the job.He can speak German.3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面. 形容词作表语You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are at the theatre.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.4.宾语▲宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面.有时,会有双宾语.如:名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.代词做宾语He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time.▲直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是及物动词的对象.但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当.如:We brought them some food.主 谓 间宾 直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to 或 for.5.宾语的补足语 在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思.我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语.复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思.名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.形容词作宾补Don’t make your hands dirty.副词作宾补We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.带to的不定式作宾补The boy ordered the dog to lie down.现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.在英语中,常见的“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构有:▲“宾语+名词”.常用于改结构的动词有:call, name, make, find, choose, think, lee等. We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor.▲“宾语+形容词”.常见的动词有think, believe, lee, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等.如:Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean.We can’t lee him alone.Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?▲“宾语+副词”.副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系.常见的副词有:down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等.如: Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.▲“宾语+介词短语”.介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态,两者有主表的关系.如: We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend.He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.▲“宾语+不定式”.充当宾补的不定式有三种: A 要求带to的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.▲“宾语+现在分词”.现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系. I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”.宾语和宾补之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动和完成. I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.▲ 形式宾语+形容词 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.▲宾语+what 从句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.6.定语▲ 定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语.因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语.如: 形容词作定语 The black bike is mine. 代词作定语 What’s your name?名词作定语They made some paper flowers.介词短语作定语 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短语 I he lots to eat and drink.从句作定语 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.▲ 在英语中,并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面,有的是放在被修饰词的后面,故称“后置定语”.▲ 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置.如: We’ll go to he something English. If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else. Do you he anything important to tell me?▲介词短语作定语时要后置.如: Do you know the boy behind the tree?
The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置 What about something to drink? I he no time to trel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.注 动词不定式作主语时,to 后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语.如果时短语时,那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的. Do you he any piece of music to listen to? ▲nearby, below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置.如:We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below?The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.7.状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当.状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首、句中.如: He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well.
在英文当中,有八大句子成分,分别是:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、同位语、状语。
主语:动词的发出对象
谓语:动词
宾语:动词的承受对象
表语:说明主语的品质、性质、身份、特征和状态,通常在系动词(be/become/feel/sound/turn...)后面
定语:用来修饰、描述主语或宾语,形容词通常做定语
补语:用来补充说明主语或宾语
同位语:即“同等位置”,以一个名词来解释说明另外一个名词或代词。
状语:表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、程度等,副词通常做状语。
扩展资料:
举例:
1、 My sister Susan sings very well.
我的妹妹苏珊唱歌很棒。
My—定语
sister—主语
Susan—同位语
sings—谓语
very well—状语
2、She is Chinese.
她是中国人。
She—主语
is—be动词
Chinese—表语
3、I painted the wall white.
我把墙漆成白色的。
I—主语
painted—谓语
the wall—宾语
white—补语
声明:本站所有文章资源内容,如无特殊说明或标注,均为采集网络资源。如若本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益,可联系本站删除。