初中英语句子的结构_初中英语句子结构语法选择题
1.英语句子的结构
2.初中英语句子成分例句及详解
3.初中英语知识点总结精选:陈述句和疑问句
4.初中英语语法专题句子成分与接动名词的动词
5.初中英语的句子结构
6.我现在读初2,我想知道怎么样划分句子的成分(英语),
1. “主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型) 这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。 例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning. 分析:“他们”(主语)“到了”(谓语动作)。 The earth turns around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。 2. “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型) 这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。 例:I study English. 分析:“我”(主语)“学习”(谓语动作)“英语”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。 I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。 3. “主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型) 这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。 例:Our teacher taught us English. 分析:“我们的老师”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“我们”(间接宾语)“英语”(直接宾语)。 4. “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾补”句型) 这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。 例: He asked her to go there. 分析:“他”(主语)“要求”(谓语动作)“她”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“去那里”(补语—补充说明宾语应做什么)。 5. “主语 + he + 宾语”(即“拥有”句型) 这一句型主要用于说明“某人或某物拥有什么(宾语,即有形或无形的)”。 例: You he a nice watch. 你有一块漂亮的手表 分析:“你”拥有一块漂亮的手表,即你拥有一个可以及时且漂亮的器具。 6. “There + be + 主语+ …”(即“存在”句型) 这一句型用以说明“在某地或某时存在某人或物”。 例:There is a bird in the tree. 在树上有一只鸟。 分析:“在树上”(地点)“有一只鸟”(存在物)。 7. “主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型) 这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。常用的联系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。 例: I am a teacher. 我是一名老师 分析:“我”(主语)“是”(系动词)“一名老师”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。 She felt very tired. 她感觉到很累。 He became an engineer.他成为了一名工程师。 You look pale today, are you ill? 你今天脸色看起来苍白,病了吗? 8. 比较句型 这一句型用以比较物质甲与乙之间的异同。 1) 相等比较: …as + 形容词/副词原级 + as…; …as + 形容词+名词 + as… 例:He is as rich as John.他和约翰一样富有。 例:He has as much money as she does.他和她的钱一样多 2) 劣等比较: …less + 形容词/副词原级 + than … 例:He is less careful than she. 他没她细心。 3) 优等比较:…+ 形容词/副词比较级 + than… ; …the + 形容词/副词比较级 + of the two… 例:She is more careful than he.她比他细心多了。 例: He is the cleverer of the two boys.两个男孩中他更聪明些。 4)最高级:the + 形容词/副词最高级(单数名词或one)+ {of(among) + 人或物} {in + 场所} 例: He is the tallest in the class.他是班上最高的。 9. “it + is/was + 形容词 + to do/从句”(即评价句型) 这一句型用于说明“某一动作或事情属于什么性质或具有什么特征”。即对某一动作或事情进行评价。(这里it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 to do 结构或 that 从句) 例:It is important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语很重要。
英语句子的结构
英语句子是英语对话和文章的基础。下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分分析,欢迎阅读!
初中英语句子成分分析精选
句子是由各种词类按照一定的语法规则组成的,可以表达完整的概念。句子开头第一个字母一定要大写,结尾要注明标点符号。
一、句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语直接宾语和间接宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体,表语、宾语和宾语 补足语是谓语的组成部分,其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
1 主语 表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任。主语要放在句首。
To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事,做是另一回事。不定式作主语 What you said hurt me badly. 你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。从句作主语
2 谓语 起著说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用,必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致,通常在主语之后。谓语通常有三个表现形式:
1动词或动词短语作谓语
He studies hard. 他学习很努力。 The performance has already begun.演出已经开始。
2谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语
They are picking les. 他们正在摘苹果。 He made us laugh heily.他使我们大笑不止。
3连系动词和表语作谓语 Her mother is an inspector. 她的母亲是一位检查官。
It is getting dark. 天色渐渐地黑了下来。
He is feeling well. 他现在感觉身体很好。
句子成分巧划分 :主在前,谓在中,宾语、状语后面冲。短语定语主宾后,形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依,直、间之间to、for连,宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。
3 表语 用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态,可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不定式 以及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任,表语要放在连系动词之后。
Her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes. 她的工作是洗这些床单和衣服。不定式作表语 Teaching is learning. 教学相长。动名词作表语
4 宾语 是及物动词所示动作的物件或介词的物件,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、 短语及从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词及物动词或介词之后。
Do you enjoy living here? 你愿意住在这里吗? 动名词作宾语
I want only one. 我只要一个。数词作宾语
I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。从句作宾语
注意:①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语即直接宾语和间接宾语, 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。这一类动词有:bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, s end, read, lee, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay等。
She showed me a few magazines. 她拿出了一些杂志给我看。
I promised her a wonderful present on her birthday .我答应在她生日那天给她一件奇妙的礼物。
②在需要的情况下,间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后,但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词。 She made me a sweater. She made a sweater for me. 她给我织了一件毛衣。
He left her three children. He left three children to her 他给她留下三个孩子。
③有些及物动词的后面,其宾语还需要有一个补足语,才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。
The couple named the baby Mary.名词作宾 补 这对夫妻给孩子取名叫玛丽。
He made her unhy. 他使她很不高兴。形容词作宾补
“Let me out!” The boy cried. “让我出去!”那男孩喊道。副词作宾补
She saw a man in front of the gate. 她看见门外有一个男人。介词短语作宾补
She often helps me do the housework. 她经常帮助我做家务。不定式作宾补
I kept you waiting for half an hour. 我让你等了半个小时。动名词作宾补
5 状语
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方 式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短 语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。
She drove fast.副词作状语 她把车开得飞快。
There is a shelter under the post office.
在邮局的地底下,有一个掩蔽所。介词短语作状语
To liberate our country, they devoted their lives.
为了解放祖国,他们献出了生命。不定式短语作状语
Seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees.
那人一看见年迈的母亲就跑上前去跪倒在她面前。分词短语作状语
It was blowing hard when she was on her way home yesterday.
昨天她回家的路上,风刮得正大。从句作状语
6 定语
定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副 词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活,凡有名词和代词 的地方都可以有定语。
The man outside the teacher's office is his father.办公室外面的那人是他的父亲。介词短语作定语 I'll he a lot of clothes to wash this Saturday. 这个星期六我要洗好多衣服。不定式作定语 Will you say something about your trelling experience? 动名词作定语
The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.从句作定语正在台上演唱的那女人是她姑姑。
二、句子的种类
一、简单句
简单句只包含一个主谓结构,并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成,不包含任何从句。有五种基本句型。
1.主语+谓语不及物动词
The new term begins. 新学期开始了。
2.主语+谓语及物动词+宾语
The girl is learning to play the piano. 这个女孩在学弹钢琴。
3.主语+连系动词+表语
The rice got burned。 饭焖煳了。
4.主语+谓语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。
5. 主语+谓语及物动词+宾语+宾语补语
We all believed you honest. 我们都认为你是诚实的。
二、并列句简单句+连词+简单句
并列句是由两个或多个简单句连线而成的。其中的各个简单句并列平行,同等重要,相互之 间没有从属关系,能够独立成句。它们之间要用连词连线。并列句可分为四种:
1.表示相同关系 用连词或逗号、分号连线构成并列句。常用连词有:and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...
Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high. 苏姗不但跑得快,而且跳得高。
I could neither swim nor skate. 我既不会游泳,也不会滑冰。
2.表示转折关系 常用连词有:but, still, yet, while等。
It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.夜已深了,但是他还在继续做作业。
She was busy cooking while they were watching TV.她忙着做饭,而他们却在看电视。
The film is not perfect, still, it's good.这部影片虽然不是无可挑剔,但还是好的。
3.表示选择关系 常用连词为:or, either...or...。
The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.老师要见一下他的父亲或是母亲。
Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.这条路或那条路都通往那家医院。
Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.
4.表示因果关系 常用连词有for和so。
We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train to lee.
我们急忙赶往车站,因为火车很快就要开了。
The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went did.老师让苏姗到她那去,因此她就去了。
三、复合句主句+连词+从句
包含一个主句,一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分,如主语,表语,宾语,定语,状语等。中考主要考宾语、定语、状语从句。注意引导词、语序和时态。
初中英语句子成分分析练习
巩固练习 同义句转换
1.There is only a chair in the room.同义句转换
There is _________ _________a chair in the room..
2. Mrs.Smith is busy. She is doing her housework now.
Mrs.Smith is_________ _________ her housework now.
3.The teacher said,“Don’t cheat in exams,children!”
The teacher told the children _________ _________ cheat in exams.
4.Nick was so tired that he couldn’t walk any further. 全品中考网
Nick was _____________________________ any further.
5.We can’t finish the project on time unless you support us.
The project can’t be finished on time ______________________________.
6.Shall we watch the exciting ping-pong match together?
______________________________watch the exciting ping-pong match together?
7.My cousin usually walks to school every morning. 改为同义句
My cousin usually goes to school _________ _________ every morning. 对划线部分提问
__________ _________is your friend?
9. “Are you going to visit Zi Gong next Week?”Father asked me.改为间接引语
Father asked me __________I________going to visit Zi Gong next week. 对划线部分提问
___________ _________you use to stay on family holidays?
11.James spent ten years making this amazing film保持句意基本不变
__________ _________James ten years to make this amazing film.
12.Chris has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.
Karen has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup, too. 合并为一句
_________Chris _________Karen he gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.
13.Visitors love this city because it has historical sights and delicious food.改为简单句
Visitors love this city__________ _________its historical sights and delicious food.
14. 对划线部分提问
___________________from Fukang to Unmnqi by bus? 对划线部分提问
_______________this new puter __________________?
16、不同句子结构的转换,主要指简单句、并列句和复合句间的转换
1We found him a good pupil. We found _______ ______ _______ a good pupil.
2The room is so *** all that my family can't live in it.
The room isn't ______ _______ ____ my family ___ live in.
The room is ______ *** all ________ my family _______ live in.
3His grandfather died ten years ago. It ____ ten years ___ his grandfather ______ .
4I'm not sure what I should do next. I'm not sure _____ ___ ____ next.
5Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. ___ you ___ hurry up, you'll miss the train.
17、根据句意的转换
1 Yesterday everyone of us went to the farm except Lucy.
________ Lucy _______ go to the farm with us yesterday.
2Sam is friendly to his clas *** ates and his clas *** ates are friendly to him.
Sam _______ ______ well with his clas *** ates.
3Lily was born ten minutes earlier than I was. I am ten minutes _______ than Lily.
4English is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.
English _____ the largest number of ________ in the world.
5It's your turn to do it. It's _____ ____ you to do it.
6 It rained heily last night. There ______ _____ _____ last night.
7 The building is beautiful and there are many tall trees around it.
The building _____ many tall trees all _______ is beautiful.
8 I spent two hours reading the book yesterday.
_____ ______ me two hours ______ _____ the book yesterday.
9 He bought the book two weeks ago. He _____ _____ the book ____ two weeks.
10 You're very kind to help me with my maths.
___ __ very kind ___ you ___ help me with my maths.
11 My grandfather died ten years ago.
My grandfather ______ ______ ______ ______ ten years ago.
12 I think it is different from Chinese names. I don't think it is _____ _____ as Chinese names.
13 They planted millions of trees to se the farmland.
They planted millions of trees _____ _____ the farmland _____ ____ sed.
15The man thinks the same as I. The man ______ ______ me.
初中英语句子成分例句及详解
1,S十V主谓结构
S十V十F主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
2、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
3、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。
7.补语
用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。
8.宾补
就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的
例:I know you are student good at maths
在这个句子中,good at maths 就是补语。
宾语补语也可以是句子,所以这个句子也可以是:
I know you are student who is good at maths
还可以是-ing 形式
I see you crossing the street
简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句 啊 还有 主语补足语可以是表语 例如:Tom is a student.student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明 是主补
初中英语知识点总结精选:陈述句和疑问句
1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins he porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. he D. breakfast
3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in.(副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The lees he turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:
I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He ge me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)
We will make them hy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll he my bike repaired. (过去分词)
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world.(数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I he an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
(六) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was trelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he lee any message for me?
参 考 答 案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school
③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground
(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off
(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语
③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语
⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
初中英语语法专题句子成分与接动名词的动词
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法的,疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题。两者还是有所区别的,为了方便大家区分两者的区别,下面是我为大家带来的初中英语知识点总结:陈述句和疑问句,希望能帮到大家!
初中英语知识点总结:陈述句和疑问句
一、陈述句
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法的,陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。陈述句句末用句号,朗读时用降调。
1、肯定句的基本结构为:主+谓HewenttoLondontopasshisholiday.
2、否定句的表达方式
(1)主语+be+not+表语Heisnotateacher.
(2)主语+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+其他Idon?tthinkyouareright.
Hehasn?tyetpaidthemoney.(他尚未付钱。)
(3)使用?not?以外的否定词:
(a)副词:never,seldom,hardly,little,neither等。Sheseldomcomestoseeme.(她不常来看我。)
(b)形容词:no,few,little等HehasfewfriendsinHongKong.(他在香港几乎没有朋友。)
(c)代词:nothing,nobody,none等。Ifoundnobodutcomputer.(在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)
二、疑问句
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。
1、一般疑问句通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是?yes或no?。
句型一:Be+主语+?Arethesebooksonthedesk?这些书在桌子上吗?
句型二:Do/Does/Did+主语+谓语+?DoyoulikeEnglish?你喜欢英语吗?
句型三:情态动词+主语+谓语+?
MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?我必须现在完成我的家庭作业吗?
句型四:He/Has+主语+过去分词+?
Heyouheardfromhim?你收到他的来信吗?
另外,还有以be动词、助动词或情态动词的否定缩写形式开头的一般疑问句,这种句子一般表示请求、惊讶和对事物的看法等,回答时所用的yes和no表达的意思和汉语的习惯不同。例如;--Isn?thetall?难道他不高吗?
--Yes,heis.不,他很高。
2、特殊疑问句以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。例如:
whoissingingintheroom?
whatclassareyouin﹖
3、选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接,不能用yes或no回答,而是就其选择内容直接回答。这类疑问句有两种形式:
一种是:一般疑问句+or+被选择部分?,这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用低升调,后一个用降调;如果有两个以上供选择的答案,则在最后一个用降调,其余都用低升调。例如:Wouldyoulikeagin,orawhisky,ora`beer?你是要喝杜松子酒,还是威士忌酒,还是啤酒?
另一种是:特殊疑问句+被选择部分(A)+or+被选择部分(B)?,也是在语调上有所区别。例如:WhichvaseshallIuse,theshortoneorthetallone?
4、反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分为否定式,后一部分要用肯定式,即?前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定?。例如:Theyworkhard,don?tthey?
Shewasillyesterday,wasn?tshe?
Theyhen?tbeeninbeijingforthreeyears,hethey?
.反义疑问句的回答用yes,no,但是,当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实。如:
Theydon?tworkhard,dothey?他们不太努力工作,是吗?
Yes,theydo.不,他们工作努力。/No,theydon?t.对,他们工作不努力。
注意:
1)当陈述句的主语是everyone,everybody,someone,somebody时,简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词,如everything,something,anything,则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。后面的疑问句应表示为:
Iamastudent,aren?tI
Everyoneisintheclassroom,aren?tthey?
Everythingbeginstogrowinspring,doesn?tit?
Nobodywillgo,willthey?
2)当陈述部分是Ithink/believe/expect/suppose/imagine加从句时,疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。Ithinkchickenscanswim,can?tthey?
3)当陈述部分是祈使句时,一般情况下用willyou或won?tyou。
Givemeahand,willyou?
4)以Let?s开头的祈使句,疑问句必须用shallwe;只有以LetusLetme开头的祈使句,问句才用willyou。
5)Therebe句型中,反义疑问部分必须为be动词+there.
6)当陈述部分有never,seldom,hardly,few,little,barely,nothing等否定词时,后面的疑问句则必须用肯定式。
初中英语的句子结构
语法是英语的基础,句子成分又是语法的基础,可见句子成分的重要性。如何才能学好英语呢?我在这里整理了相关资料,快来学习学习吧!
语法专题句子成分
在句子中起着不同语法作用的部分,叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有九种:
2.1 主语(subject?S)表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,是谓语的陈述对象,通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任:
The book is on thedesk. 书在桌子上。(注:主语是 “the book”)
2.2 谓语动词(predicate verb)简称谓语,说明主语的动作或状态;由动词或动词短语担任:
I love English. 我喜欢英语。(注:谓语是“love”)
2.3 表语(predicative?P)说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与连系动词一起构成复合谓语、通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任:
I am Chinese. 我是中国人。(注:表语是“Chinese”)
2.4 宾语(object?O)表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介宾短语;通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任:
(注:及物动词+宾语;介词+宾语)
We love English. 我们热爱英语。(注:宾语是“English”)
▲ 宾语包括直接宾语(direct object?DO),简称直宾,表示动作的承受着;
间接宾语(indirect object?IO),简称间宾,表示动作的受益者:
He ge me a book. [me?间宾,a book?直宾]
2.5 定语(attributive )修饰或限定名词或代词用的;通常由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任:
That is a good book. 那是一本好书。(注:定语是“good”)
2.6 补语(complement)补充说明主语或宾语用的;通常由形容词、名词、代词、数词等担任:
They elected her monitor. 他们选她为班长。
(注:补语是“monitor”,补充说明宾语“her”是谁。)
2.7 状语(adverbial)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用的、通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或从句等担任:
She runs fast.她跑得很快。(注:状语是“fast”修饰动词“runs”)
2.8 同位语(ositive)对前面的名词或者代词做进一步的解释;通常由名词、代词、数词或从句等担任,“同位”简单理解就是“同等地位”的意思:
This is Mr. Zhang, our headmaster. 这是我们校长,张先生。
(注:“our headmaster” 就是“Mr. Zhang”,“Mr. Zhang”就是“ourheadmaster”)
2.9 插入语(parenthesis)对一句话作一些附加的解释;通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词或从句等担任:
To be frank, I don?tquite agree with you.
坦白地说,我不太同意你们的意见。
(注:插入语是“to be frank”)
接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个常用动词
admit doing sth. 承认做某事
advise doing sth. 建议做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
reciate doing sth. 感激做某事
oid doing sth. 避免做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
delay doing sth. 推迟做某事
deny doing sth. 否认做某事
discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事
escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事
fancy doing sth. 设想做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
keep doing sth. 保持做某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事
pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事
prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
report doing sth. 报告做某事
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
我现在读初2,我想知道怎么样划分句子的成分(英语),
初中英语比较重要的是简单句的五种基本句型
1.主语+不及物动词
eg.
He
is
running.
2.主语+
及物动词
+
宾语
eg.
I
like
English.
3.主语+
系动词+
表语
eg.
I
am
a
student.
4.主语+
及物动词
+
间接宾语(人)+
直接宾语(物)
eg.
He
gives
me
a
book.
5.
主语+
及物动词
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语
eg.
I
find
English
interesting.
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。
从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的, 但是它不能视为独立的句子,因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.例如: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . (状语从句)许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在**院也可以如此。 2) Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me . (主语从句) 他来与不来对我都一样。 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured(宾语从句)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。 4) China is not what it used to be . (表语从句)中国不是它过去的样子了。 5) Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ? (同位语从句)有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品? 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their . (定语从句) 税款是人们支持而交的钱。 如果将上面的复合句中所有的从句都独立出来,那将是这样的: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on 2) Whether he comes or not 3) what money is and how money is measured 4) what it used to be 5) that the food of plant differs from that of animals 6) that people pay to support their 我们很容易看出,上面的所有这些句子既不是陈述句、疑问句,也不是祁使句,更不是感叹句。也就是说,它们不是独立的句子;也只有在附属于主句后才能获得意义如下:1)因为许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话 2)他来与不来 3)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币 4)它过去的样子5)植物性食品不同于动物性食品6)人们支持而交的上面的这些句子在我们中文里如同是人们常说的"半截话";在英文中也就是个"词或词组"了。 B. 我们虽然说过,从句自身的句子结构基本是完整的,但是它不同于"独立句子"的是--每个从句的最前面都好象"戴了顶帽子"即:从属关系词。由此可以看出,从句的另一个特点是:从属关系词总是立于从句之首. C. 从句的再一个特点是:一般说来(除少数倒装的情况外),从句中的语序应该是正常语序。 D. 关于从句种类的划分有两种方法:按从句的词性划分和按从句的句子功能划分。如果按从句的词性划分,从句可分为三种:名词从句、形容词从句和副词从句。如果按从句的句子功能划分(也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分),从句可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。其实,这两种划分从句的方法在逻辑上是一致的.我们知道,能在句子里充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的往往是名词、代词等,所以名词从句涵盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。形容词和副词常分别在句中担当定语和状语,所以,形容词从句和副词从句其实分别是定语从句和状语从句。 名词从句名词从句在句中是一个相当于名词的主谓结构。我们在前面说过,名词从句含盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。连接这些从句与主句的关系词主要有三类: 1.从属连词:that(无有词义) , whether(是否) ,if (是否) 2.关系代词:who(谁,主格) , whom(谁,宾格),whose谁的,所有格) , what(什么),which(哪个,哪些) 3.关系副词:when(什么时候) where(什么地方)why(为什么) , how(怎样) 名词从句中的从属连词在从句里不担任任何成分,只起连接的作用;而关系代词和关系副词不仅仅是起连接的作用,而且还在从句里担任一定的成分;关系代词常在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分;关系副词常在从句中担任状语。另外,在使用上面的这些关系词时,有几个问题值得我们注意:首先,只能用whether而不能用if的情况. 1)引导主语从句,例如: Whether we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(正确)我们是否要为这个项目还没有定下来。 OR: It has not been decided whether we'll make a loan for the project . (正确) If we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(错误) OR: It has not been decided if we'll make a loan for the project . (错误) 2)作介词的宾语,例如: I he no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car . (正确)我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金。 I he no idea about if I can raise the money for buying a car . (错误) 3)后接不定式 ,例如: He didn't know whether to go all himself first or wait for her here.(正确)他不知道是他自己先去还是在这儿等她。 He didn't know if to go all himself or wait for her here . (错误) 4)后接or not ,例如: We wonder whether they'll come in time or not.(正确) 我们担心他们会不会准时到。 We wonder if they'll come in time or not . (错误)其次,what引导的名词从句表达的意思是"……所……的"。这个"所怎么的"定义根据"从句谓语的动作意义"而定。例如: I don't understand what you said.我不理解你所说的话。 What he needs is to practice more.他所需要的是勤于练习。 Money is what she is really after.金钱是她所真正追求的东西。 People he different ideas about what hiness means . 人们对于幸福的含义有不同见解。最后,要了解 -ever = no matter ,用于表示强调,意为"无论……"。也就是说: whatever = no matter what(无论什么) whoever = no matter who(无论谁) whichever = no matter which(无论那个) whenever =no matter when (无论何时) wherever = no matter where(无论何地) however = no matter how (无论怎样) A 主语从句用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。例如: Whether he'll come or not remains a question . 他是否会来依然是一个问题。 Whoever says that is not allowed .无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 That she reads English aloud every morning helps her a lot in the improvement of her English study . 她每天早晨朗读英文对提高她的英语学习起了很大的作用。 要点提示在使用主语从句中,有几个问题值得我们注意: 1)尽管主从连词that在主语从句中没有任何意义,但一般不能省略。 That there is no elevator in the building is the critical inconvenience .这幢楼里没有电梯是极大的不便之处。 It is necessary (that) he he his further study incollege.(当主语从句在后面时,连词that可以省去)他在大学进一步深造是完全必要的。 2)为了保持句子平衡或在正式文体中,常用先行It代替主语从句而将主语从句置于句末。 It remains a question Whether he'll come or not . 他是否会来,依然是一个问题。 It is not allowed Whoever says that. 无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 3)在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中,由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因,that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式。这类形容词/ 名词常见的有: essential(绝对必要的), important(重要的), advisable(明智的), desirable(希望能够的), imperative(必须的), natural(自然的), necessary必要的), regretful(遗憾的), strange(奇怪的), proper(适当的), urgent(紧急的), duty(义务、责任), a pity (遗憾), no wonder(难怪), a regret(遗憾)。例如: It is strange that he ( should ) say so . 他居然会这样说,真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然会这样想,真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。 It is a wonder that he should he passed the exam. 他这次考试居然会及格,真是个奇迹。 4)以what引导的主语从句常用于句首表示强调。 What they need now is financial aid . 他们现在所需要的是经济援助。 What she thinks of me doesn't mean much to me . 她怎么样看我,对我来说无所谓。 What you he said hurt her a lot .你所说的话对她伤害很大。 B 宾语从句用作谓语动词、介词以及非谓语动词形式的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。也就是说,只要是用一个主谓结构去充当宾语,那么这个主谓结构就称为宾语从句。 例如: I believe that he will find a job in that publisher .(作谓语动词的宾语)我相信,他一定会在那家出版社找到工作。 He laughed at what they said . (作介词的宾语)她对他们说的话,一笑置之。 要点提示在使用宾语从句中,有几个问题值得我们注意: 1)宾语从句与主句的时态一致性问题这种一致性的要求,只有当主句的谓语动词用于"过去时区"的时候才存在。凡是在"过去时区"内的各种不同时态都在其中。另外,这种一致性只要求宾语从句的谓语动词也用于"过去时区"即可,至于用什么样具体的时态就要依从句的需要而定了。 He had told me that he would join the club sometime . 他曾经告诉我说,他会在某个时候参加俱乐部的。 I remembered that I had met him somewhere . 我记得我曾在哪儿见过他。 She thought that she would he finished what she was doing by the end of the month . 她认为在那个月底她将完成她手头上做的事。 2)if引导的宾语从句不能作介词的宾语,而只有用whether引导才行。这一点在上面刚刚讲过.(略) 3)某些动词后面,宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟式。这一点已在"虚拟语气"一章中讨论过了,本章只作简单的复习。这类要求宾语从句的谓语用虚拟式的动词,常见的有:command(命令), demand(要求), desire(希望), insist(坚持), order(命令), propose(提议), recommend(推荐), request(要求), require(要求), suggest(建议),等。例如: He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提议拟定一个执行的期限。 C 表语从句在句子中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。它常位于句中联系动词或是起联系动词作用的动词之后.例如: The problem is where we can hold our meeting . 问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。 It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都进行得很顺利。 The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed . 其原因是水的温度低于所需要的温度。 That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的东西。 D 同位语从句同位语从句就是在句子中担当同位语的主谓结构.在使用同位语从句时要特别注意:尽管主从连词that在同位语从句中没有任何意义,但却不能省略。另外,同位语从句常用于下面这些名词的后面(其中,斜体字的名词后面所接的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气): fact(事实), fear(担心、害怕), belief(信念,意见), evidence(证据), hope(希望), idea(想法) news(新闻), dou(怀疑), suggestion(建议), motion(动议), proposal(提议), order(命令), recommendation(推荐),等等。例如: There is the news that an American delegation will arrive in Beijing tomorrow afternoon . 有消息说一个美国代表团将于明天下午抵达北京。 Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals ? 是否有任何证据可以说明植物性的食物不同于动物性的食物呢? We all know the fact that organization helps memorization. 我们都知道这样一个事实:把要记忆的材料组织起来有助于记忆。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should ) put on a play at the English evening ? 他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧,你觉得怎么样?
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