定语从句英语写作句子_定语从句英文句子

1.英语句子成分具体分析

2.英语问题:They were the last people you'd expect to

3.请求英语高手解答分析一下句子成分

4.定语从句的用法归纳总结

　 一.介词短语作后置定语：

　如the bird in the tree(树上的小鸟)，the standard of living(生活水平)，the way to the hotel(去旅馆的路)，the life in the future(未来的生活)。

　 二.不定式短语作后置定语，用来修饰限定其前的名词或名词性短语。

　分为以下三类：

　1. 在某些名词结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。

　I he a lot of homework to do.

　He is the first to finish the task.

　There are a lot of things to do.

　2. 在某些抽象名词后可用动词不定式作后置定语，具体说明抽象名词的内容。常见名词有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。例句：

　He has the ability to do the work.

　I don’t he the courage to tell you the secret.

　3. 动词不定式有时可替代一个定语从句，与其前修饰的名词是主动关系，在时态上含有将来的`含义。例如：

　Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.

　In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.

　 三、分词短语作后置定语。

　这时一般可以改写为定语从句，现在分词作后置定语与修饰的名词是主动关系,过去分词作后置定语与修饰的名词是被动关系。例如,

　S1:There is a lady waiting for you.=There is a lady who waits for you.

　S2：What is the language spoken in China?=What is the language which is spoken in China?

　S1中，lady和wait之间是主动关系，S2中，language与spoken之间是被动关系。

　我们在写作时，为了让句子结构更为高级，或是达到句式多样的目的，常用分词短语作后置定语来代替定语从句。如在2012年的考研英语作文中，我们在描图表示两个人对同样的半瓶水表现出不同的态度时，可以说：As is shown in the picture, there is a contrast between two men facing the same problem with half a bottle of water. 在这个英语句子中，我们用现在分词短语作men的后置定语，相当于定语从句who face the same problem with half a bottle of water. 再如，在表达一个人眉头紧缩，因为水撒了发出叹息，可以说：The one frowning in anxiety is sighing because the water is spoilt out of the bottle。此句中，现在分词短语作one的后置定语，相当于从句who frowns in anxiety。用现在分词短语代替从句可以使句式更简短，句型也更为高级，更加丰富，同时也显示出考生深厚的语底。

英语句子成分具体分析

1：投诉信

Dear_______,

I am . (自我介绍) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I he to make a complaint about_______.

The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________(总体介绍). In the first place,_________________________(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ____________________________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___(感觉) to ____________________________(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).

I reciate it very much if you could_______________________(提出建议和请求), preferably __________(进一步的要求), and I would like to he this matter settled by ______(设定解决事情最后期限).

Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

2：询问信

Dear ______,

I am _________________________(自我介绍). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_______.(要询问的内容)

First of all, what are _________________________________?(第一个问题) Secondly, when will________________________________?(第二个问题) Thirdly, is _________________?(第三个问题)

I would also like to inquire _________________________________(将最重要的问题单独成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?

Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly reciated.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

3：请求信

Dear___________,

I am writing to formally request to___________(请求的内容)

The reason for ______________is that______________________________（给出原因）.I________, so I ___________________________________(给出细节)

I would also like to request ________________________(提出进一步的要求). I am sorry for any inconvenience I he caused.

Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you he any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at____________(电话号码). I look forward to a forable reply.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

4：道歉信

Dear ___________,

I am truly sorry that_________________________(道歉的原因).

The reason is that ______________________________________(介绍原因) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

6：建议信

Dear ___________,

You he asked me for my advice with regard to _______, and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.

In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions:_________________(建议的内容)

I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.

Good Luck with your_______(祝愿)

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

7.求职信

Dear Sir or Madam,

I write this letter to ly for the position that you he advertised in____________(报纸名称)of________(广告发布时间).

Not only do I he the qualifications for this job, but I also he the right personality for a __________(工作名称). In the one hand,_______________________________(第一个原因). On the other hand, __________________________________(另一个原因).

Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at _______________(电话号码)

Thank you for considering my lication, and I am looking forward to meeting you.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

8：邀请信

Dear________,

There will a ________________(内容) at/in________________(地点) on___________(时间). We would be honored to he you there with us.

The occasion will start at ___________(具体时间). This will be followed by a _______(进一步的安排). At around______(时间)，____________________________(另一个安排)

I really hope you can make it. RSVP before ____________(通知你的最后期限)

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

一、英语书信的常见写作模板

开头部分：

How nice to hear from you again.

Let me tell you something about the activity.

I’m glad to he received your letter of Apr. 9th.

I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.

I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分：

With best wishes.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

I’d reciate it if you could reply earlier.

二、口头通知常见写作模板

呼语及开场白部分：

Ladies and gentlemen, May I he your attention, please? I he an announcement to make.

正文部分：

All the teachers and students are required to attend it.

Please take your notebooks and make notes.

Please listen carefully and we’ll he a discussion in groups.

Please come on time and don’t be late.

结束语部分：

Please come and join in it.

Everybody is welcome to attend it.

I hope you’ll he a nice time here.

That’s all. Thank you.

三、议论文模板

1.正反观点式议论文模板

导入：

第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题）

Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）

正文：

第2段：Most of the students are in four of it.（正方观点）

Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）

Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)

结论：

第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点） オ

2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段： Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.

正文：

第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势)

结论：

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ

3.观点论述类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student, I am strongly in four of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）

正文：

第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论：

第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... （照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构）

4."How to"类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题

正文：

第2段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)

结论：

第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

四、图表作文写作模板

The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题. The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 . This means that as (进一步说明).

We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 . After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) . The figures also tell us that图表细节二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).

Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因). / It is high time that we (发出倡议).

五、图画类写作模板：1.开头

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...

2.衔接句

As we all know, .../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

3.结尾句

In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...

写作必背基本句式

1． 表明观点与看法

1) People he (take, adopt, assume) different attitude towards sth.

2) People he different opinions on this problem.

3) There exist different opinions on this problem.

4) People take different views of (on) the question.

5) Some people believe that…Others argue that…

2． 说明重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1) It is important (necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth.

2) We think it necessary to do sth.

3) It plays an important role in our life.

3． 表述利弊或好坏

1) It has the following advantages.

2) It does us a lot of good.

3) It benefits us quite a lot.

4) It is beneficial to us.

5) It is of great benefit to us.

6) It has more disadvantages than advantages.

7) It does us much harm.

8) It is harmful to us.

4． 解释原因与结果

1) There are three reasons for this.

2) The reasons for this are as follows.

3) The reason for this is obvious.

4) The reason for this is that…

5) We he good reason to believe that…

6) The reason for this is not far to seek.

5． 承认事实与现状

1) We cannot ignore (the fact) that…

2) No one can deny (the fact) that…

3) There is no denying (the fact) that…

4) This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.

5) However, that’s not the case.

6． 表示变化与比较

1) Some changes he taken place in the past five years.

2) A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.

3) The computer has brought about many changes in education.

4) Compared with A, B…

5) I prefer to read rather than watch TV.

6) There is a striking contrast between them.

7． 表达数量增与减

1) It has increased (decreased) from …to…

2) The population in this city has now increased (decreased) to 800,000.

3) The output of July in this factory increased by 25% compared with that of January.

8． 取方法与措施

1) We should take some effective measures.

2) We should try our best to overcome (conquer) the difficulties.

3) We should do our utmost in doing sth.

4) We should solve the problems that we are faced with.

9． 引用名言、名谚与名理

1) It’s well known to us that…

2) As is known to us, …

3) This is a topic that is being widely talked about.

4) From the graph (table, chart) listed above, it can be seen that..

5) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”

10． 表示结论与归纳

1) In short, it can be said that…

2) In conclusion, I’d like to thank…

3) It may be briefly summed up as follows.

4) From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that…

英语问题:They were the last people you'd expect to

1.句子的基本构成有5种:主谓、主谓宾、主谓宾宾补、主谓双宾、主系表 ①.主语：名词（n.）、代词(pron.)、数词(num.)、名词化形容词（adj.）、副词(adv.)、名词化介词(prep.)、不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、名词化分词、介词短语、从句。 1．名词作主语。 Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.(一棵树倒下横在路上。) Littlestreamsfeedbigrivers.(小河流入大江。) 2．代词用作主语。 You’renotfarwrong.(你差不多对了)。 Hetoldajokebutitfellflat.(他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑 3．数词用作主语。 Threeisenough.三个就够了。 Fourfromsevenleesthree.7减4余3。 4．名词化的形容词用作主语。 Theidleareforcedtowork.懒汉被迫劳动。 Oldandyoungmarchedsidebyside.老少并肩而行。 5．副词用作主语。 Nowisthetime.现在是时候了。 Carefullydoesit.小心就行。 6．名词化的介词作主语。 Theupsanddownsoflifemustbetakenastheycome.我们必须承受人生之沉浮。 7．不定式用作主语。 Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。 Itwouldbenicetoseehimagain.如能见到他，那将是一件愉快的事。 8．动名词用作主语。 Smokingisbadforyou.吸烟对你有害。 Watchingafilmispleasure,makingoneishardwork.看**是乐事，制作影片则是苦事。 9．名词化的过去分词用作主语。 Thedisabledaretoreceivemoremoney.残疾人将得到更多的救济金。 Thedeceaseddiedofoldage.死者死于年老。 10.介词短语用作主语。 ToBeijingisnotveryfar.到北京不很远。 FromYenantoNanniwanwasathree-hourrideonhorseback.从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。 11.从句用作主语 Wheneveryouarereadywillbefine.你无论什么时候准备好都行。 BecauseSallywantstoleedoesn’tmeanthatweheto.不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。 ②谓语：位置一般在主语之后。谓语的构成可能是简单的动词、动词短语等 1．由简单的动词构成。 Whathened?发生了什么事？ Heworkedhardalldaytoday.他今天苦干了一天。 Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.飞机是十点起飞的。 2．由动词短语构成的谓语。 Iamreading.我在看书。 What’sbeenkeepingyouallthistime?这半天你在干什么来着？ Youcandoitifyoutryhard.你努力就可以做到。 ③表语：表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构在系表结构钟，联系动词只是形式上的谓语，二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。 可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等 1．由名词构成 TheweddingwasthatSunday.婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。 2．由代词构成 Sothat’sthat.就是这样。 3．由数词构成 Weareseven.我们一共7人。 4．由形容词构成 Areyoubusy?你有空吗？ 5．由副词构成 Areyouthere?你在听吗？（电话用语） Isanybodyin?里面有人吗？ 6．由不定式构成 AllIcoulddowastowait.我只能等待。 Myanswertohisthreatwastohithimonthenose.我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。 7．由动名词构成 Complimenting（赞美，祝贺）islying.恭维就是说谎。 Isthataskingsomuch?这是要的高了吗？ 8．由过去分词构成 Iwassomuchsurprisedatit.我对此事感到很惊讶。 I’mverypleasedwithwhathehasdone.我对他所做的很满意。 9由介词短语构成 Sheisingoodhealth.她很健康。 Theshowisfromseventillten.演出时间为7点至10点。 10．由从句构成 Isthatwhyyouwereangry?这就是你发怒的原因吗？ ThisiswhereIfirstmether.这就是我初次与她会面的地方。 ④宾语：在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后 可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。 1．由名词构成 Doyoufancyadrink?你想喝一杯吗？ 2．由代词构成 Theywon’thurtus.他们不会伤害我们。 3．由数词构成 Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.5加5等于10。 4．由名词化形容词构成 Ishalldomypossible.我将尽力而为。 5．由副词构成 Helefttherelastweek.他上个星期离开了那里。 6．由不定式构成 Doesshereallymeantoleehome?她真的要离开家吗？ 7．由名词化分词构成 Heneverdidtheunexpected(想不到的，意外的).他从不做使人感到意外的事。 8．由从句构成 DoyouunderstandwhatImean?你明白我的意思吗? ⑤补语:是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分 1.容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号。 Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.我又累又困，就去睡了。 有时可以置于主语之后，前后都有逗号，与非限定性定语相似。 Theman,cruelbeyondbelief,didn’tlistentotheirpleadings.那人不可置疑地残酷，不听取他们的恳求。 2.可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等 TheynamedthechildJimmy.他们将孩子命名为吉米。（名词用作并与补语） Mymotherlookssoyoungthatyouwouldthinkhermysister.我的母亲面很嫩，你会以为她是我的姐姐（名词短语作宾语补语） Heboiledtheegghard.她将鸡蛋煮老了。（形容词用作宾语补语） Ifoundthebookveryinteresting.我发现那本书很有趣。（形容词短语用作宾补） ThecomradeswantedDr.Bethunetotakecover.同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。（不定式用作宾语补语） IcallthisrogPetertopayPaul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。（动名作宾补） Don’ttakehiskindnessforgranted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。 ⑥定语：定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词 可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。 1．形容词用作定语是大量的。 Sheisanaturalmusician.她是一位天生的音乐家。 Hemustbethebestviolinistalive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。（后置定语） 2.名词用作定语。如 Ababygirl女婴 wellwater井水 Sportscar双座轻型汽车 Afool’sparadise梦幻的天堂 2．代词作定语。 Yourhairneedscutting.你该理发了。（物主代词用作定语） Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.负责就是无人负责。（不定代词所有格作定语） 3．数词作定语 There’sonlyonewaytodoit.做此事只有一法。 Doitnow,youmaynotgetasecondchance.现在就干吧，你可能再没有机会了。 基数词用作后置定语：page24Room201theyear1949 4.副词充当定语时常后置 theroomabove楼上的房间theworldtoday今日世界thewayout出路adayoff休息日 5．不定式用作定语 Herpromisetowritewasforgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。 That’sthewaytodoit.那正是做此事的方法。 6．动名词用作定语. Awalkingstick拐杖sleepingpills安眠药eatingimplements吃饭用具learningmethod学习方法 7．分词充当定语 asleepingchild正在睡中的小孩adrinkingman嗜酒者aretiredworker一个退休工人afadedflower一朵谢了的花 7．介词短语用作定语。 ThisisamapofChina.这是一幅中国地图。 Thewildlookinhiseyesspokeplainerthanwords.他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。 8．从句用作定语，即定语从句 Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideismine.停在外面的车是我的。 Yourcar,whichInoticedoutside,hasbeenhitbyanotherone.我在外面看见你的汽车了，它给另一辆车撞了。 ⑦同位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分者就叫做后者的同谓语 可用作定语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、of短语、从句等 1．名词用作同谓语是大量的。 Wehetwochildren,aboyandagirl.我们有两个孩子，一男一女。 We,theChinesepeople,aredeterminedtobuildChinaintoapowerfulandprosperouscountry.我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。 2．代词用作同谓语。 Theyallwantedtoseehim.他们都想见他。 Let’syouandmegotowork,Oliver.咱们俩去工作吧。 3．数词用作同谓语。 Areyoutwoready?你们俩准备好了吗？ Theytwowent,wethreestayedbehind.他们俩去了，我们三个留了下来。 4．不定式与动名词用作同谓语。 Theirlatestproposal,toconcentrateonprimaryeducation,hasmetwithsomeopposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。 Thefirstplan,attackingatnight,wasturneddown.第一个是夜袭，被拒绝了。 5．Of短语用作同谓语 ThecityofRome罗马城theartofwriting写作艺术 Theviceofsmoking吸烟嗜好 6．从句用同谓语，即同谓语重句 Thenewsthatwearehingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放的消息不确。 Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。 ⑧状语:是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。 可用作状语的有副词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。 1.副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。 Hespeaksthelanguagebadlybutreaditwell.这种语言，他讲得不好，但阅读能力很强。 Naturallyweexpecthotelgueststolocktheirdoors.当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。 2．状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等 (1).时间状语，多位于句末和句首，有时亦可置于句中 Shallwedotheshoppingtodayortomorrow? InChinanowleadstheworld. (2).地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句首和句中。 Thereareplentyoffishinthesea. Shekissedhermotherontheplatform(月台). (3).原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句首。 Becausehewasill,Tomlosthisjob. IeatpotatoesbecauseIlikethem. (4).结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末。 Shewoke(醒)suddenlytofindsomeonestandinginthedoorway. ShespokesosoftlythatIcouldn’thearwhatshesaid. (5).目的状语，多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示，常位于句末，强调时可以置于句首。 Heranforshelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。 Inordertogetintoagoodschool,Imuststudyevenharder. (6).条件状语。多由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。 We’llbeluckytogettherebeforedark. Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim? (7).让步状语，由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。 Forallhismoney,hedidn’tseemhy.他尽管有钱，但似乎并不幸福。 Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknowme. (8).程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。 Thelectureisveryinteresting. Towhatextentwouldyoutrustthem?你对他们信任程度如何？ (9)伴随状语，常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。 Mytrainstartsatsix,arrivingatChicagoatten. Hestoodthere,pipe(烟斗)inmouth.

请求英语高手解答分析一下句子成分

综述：They were the last people you'd expect to 这句用到了定语从句，you'd expect to be involved in anything?strange or mysterious是从句。you'd expect前面本来也可加who来引导这个从句，但在定语从句中，who可省略。

because they just didn't hold with such nonsense：因为他们不赞同这种荒谬的念头。整段意思是：指望他们探秘是不可能的事，因为他们不赞同这种荒谬的念头。

英语翻译技巧：

第一、省略翻译法

这与最开始提到的增译法相反，就是要求你把不符合汉语，或者英语的表达的方式、思维的习惯或者语言的习惯的部分删去，以免使所翻译出的句子沉杂累赘。

第二、合并法

合并翻译法就是把多个短句子或者简单句合并到一起，形成一个复合句或者说复杂句，多出现在汉译英的题目里出现，比如最后会翻译成定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等等。

这是因为汉语句子里面喜欢所谓的“形散神不散”，即句子结构松散，但其中的语意又是紧密相连的，所以为了表达出这种感觉，汉语多用简单句进行写作。而英语则不同，它比较强调形式，结构严谨，所以会多用复杂句、长句。因此，汉译英时还需要注意介词、连词、分词的使用。

定语从句的用法归纳总结

1、of which是引导一个定语从句，且引导词在句中做主语，先行词是high cliffs，of which表示与先行词之间的所属关系(通俗说就是"先行词"的......)。

如果还难以理解，那就把先行词代入which那个地方去理解，可能比较容易，可以看看例子。

例如：He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I he never read.?

(先行词是story-books，a few?of which理解为a few?of?story-books“故事书”的几本，加以修饰就可以说成几本故事书)

2、outline...against...不是固定搭配，这个是联系上下文语境意思。

only their silhouettes were outlined（against?the faintly glimmering sky）.

括号内是方式状语，说明outline所用的方式 。

against：以…为背景；衬托；相映；对照

silhouettes were outlined against?the faintly glimmering sky.

轮廓以微光闪烁的天空为背景被勾勒出来。(因为这样翻译有些啰嗦，所以很多翻译是缩译了，就没有把"以...为背景"这几个字体现出来。)

3、没省略。

从句：What we could make out in the dusk, though, was amazing—high up the cliff ,thousands of hundred feet above the water

what引导一个主语从句。What we could make out in the dusk是从句主语；was是系动词；amazing是形容词做表语；从“—”就可以知道破折号后面是补充说明的成分啦。)

主句：主语从句+was a cluster of houses on stilts

(此处的主语就是前面那个主语从句；was是系动词；houses是表语；a cluster of是houses的修饰词；on stilts是状语)

4、So(连词)the place(主语)，besides being attractive(插入语), provided(谓语)distractions(宾语).

因此，这个地方除了吸引人之外，还让人分心。

being attractive这里是用到非谓语动词，它的逻辑主语是the?place所以用ing形式。

(关于非谓语动词的知识点你可以上网查一下，因为非谓语动词是重难点，一时半会没办法说完)

定语从句是一种句子结构，通常用于修饰名词或代词，表示其特定属性和特征。

使用定语从句时，需要注意以下几点：

1、先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词。

2、关系词：引导定语从句的词语，有关系代词和关系副词。

3、关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分。

4、关系词的选择取决于先行词和从句的逻辑关系，以及从句的语法结构。

我相信通过掌握定语从句的用法，可以更好地理解和运用英语语法，提高英语写作和口语表达能力。